COURSE DESCRIPTION

Giorgio Piccinato wrote long ago that an “international milieu” of city planning existed by the early 1910s, embodied in congresses, associations, exhibitions and competitions¹. We know some things about the ‘big times’ of this milieu. But can it be seen as an organised, collective entity, with its own rituals, hierarchies, rules, and values? As Helen Meller has recently pointed out, we still know little about the size and structure of these various organizations, or even who participated in them². Indeed, scholarship on city planning demonstrates the lack of information about what can be called the ‘Urban Internationale’, this sphere made of those who, from all the industrialized countries, paid interest to the city, and to all its related problems, as a spatial, social and political phenomena.

Recently, Daniel Rodgers showed the intensity of transatlantic intellectual traffic in matters of city government, city planning, and many other aspects of progressive politics³. A few years ago, on the basis of my work on French urbanism, I believed it would prove fruitful to move in the same direction. How did people, ideas, texts, designs, information and books dealing with urban matters circulate? How were they transformed in the process? What were the specific means of circulation, its trends, its effects, the main patterns that influenced it? I decided to launch a research project concerning the production, through the international circulation of information on the ‘urban question’, of a common language among reformers from all over the industrial world, reform being here understood as an attempt to come to terms peacefully and scientifically with the society created by 19th-century industrialization.

My choice was then to study what I call the ‘Urban Internationale’ in the 20th-century, this field of individuals and organizations that helped shape the definition of the ‘urban question’ since the start of the century. Some subjects, like housing, city planning, and urban government and administration, seemed to be the key-points of the ‘urban question’ ( though not exclusively), so I decided to concentrate my research around these subjects. The International Union of Local Authorities (IULA), the International Federation for Housing and Town Planning (IFHTP), the International Institute for Administrative Sciences (IIAS), the International Housing Association on one hand, and the International Labour Office (ILO), the League of Nations, the UNO and UNESCO on the other, appeared to be the main locus for circulation and definition of the urban question in the first half of the century. But, while I first thought that my research would take me only to the different places of Europe where I could find archives and periodicals relevant to these often European-based groups and organizations, I was soon asked to turn my eyes toward the other side of the Atlantic, where professional groups clustered around Public Administration Clearing House, on the University of Chicago campus, acted on behalf of the big American foundations to organize the Urban Internationale from the 1930s onward.

‘United Reform Inc.’ wishes to familiarize its participants with the texture and impact of transnational networks that dealt with urban ‘issues’ such as municipal government, housing, and city planning between the early 20th century and the 1960s. Our focus will be on assessing the content, shape, and effectiveness of these networks, on understanding what circulates and disseminates through them. Practically, we will scour the world of congresses, exhibitions, journals, explore the corridors of international institutions such as the League of Nations or the United Nations, sneak into the correspondence of major networkers, discover the small world of international NGOs and pay interest to U.S. philanthropic foundations. We will cover Chicago and Brussels, with stopovers in France, Italy, Latin America, New York, London or Geneva.

Besides, I consider this colloquium a place where we can tackle questions and concepts like ‘networks’, ‘issues’, ‘influence’, ‘imitation’, and ‘diffusion’. We will struggle with that all way long, considering the urban theme as one among the many fields where the ‘struggle for the universal’ takes place.

¹ Giorgio Piccinato, La costruzione dell‘urbanistica: Germania, 1871-1914 (Officina Edizioni, 1974).
² Helen Meller, "Philanthropy and public enterprise: International exhibitions and the modern city planning movement 1889-1913’, Planning Perspectives, No. 10 (1995).
³ Daniel T. Rodgers, Atlantic crossings. Social politics in a progressive age (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998).

Course Format

The format of the course will be the classical lecture-discussion type, with an emphasis on discussion. I strongly recommend those not willing to do the readings not register for this class. The language of the course will be French, but readings are in French, English and Italian, and it will be necessary to read at least two of those languages.

IMPORTANT: Students are expected to get in touch with me well before the first session (during the September month or in early October). We will have an early meeting to discuss the framework of the seminar and to hand over the CD-ROM that will include most of the reading material.

Compulsory Readings
- Pascale Casanova, La République mondiale des lettres (Paris: Le Seuil, 1999), chapters 4 and 5
- Yves Dezalay and Bryan Garth, ‘Le Washington consensus. Contribution à une sociologie de l’hégémonie du néolibéralisme’, Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, No. 121-122 (1998)

Lecture conseillées
- Armand Mattelart, Histoire de l’utopie planétaire. De la cité prophétique à la société globale (Paris: La découverte, 2000), chapters 1, 4, 9

Additional Readings
- François Chaubet and Emmanuelle Loyer, ‘L’Ecole libre des hautes études de New York: Exil et résistance intellectuelle (1942-1946)’, Revue historique 302: 4 (2000): 939-971
- Diplomatic History, round table discussion, ‘Cultural Transfer or Cultural Imperialism?’ 24 (Summer 2000)

Second session. Transferts, connections, dominations, histoire transnationale et autres réponses à la question ‘Comment contribuer à historiciser la globalisation?’

Compulsory Readings
- Frederick Cooper, ‘What is the concept of globalization good for? An African historian’s perspective’, African Affairs 100 (2001): 189-213
- Wade Jacoby, Imitation and politics: Redesigning modern Germany (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000), chapters 1 and 2

Lecture conseillées
- Michel Espagne, Les transferts culturels franco-allemands (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1999), Introduction

Additional Readings
- ‘Figures de l’exil’, Genèses 38 (mars 2000)
- Thomas Callaghy, Ronald Kassimir, and Robert Latham, eds., Intervention and transnationalism in Africa. Global-local networks of power (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001)
- Daniel T. Rodgers, ‘Exceptionalism’, in Anthony Molho and Gordon Wood, Imagined histories. American historians interpret the past (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1998)
- Thomas Haskell, ‘Taking exception to exceptionalism’, Reviews in American History 28 (2000): 151-166
- Ian Tyrell, ‘American exceptionalism in an age of international history’, American Historical Review 96 (1991): 1031-72
- John Dower, Embracing defeat: Japan in the wake of WW II (New York: W. W. Norton & Co, 1999)
* Review (H-US-Japan: June, 2000) by Charles C. Kolb, National Endowment for the Humanities.
- Eleanor Westney, Imitation and invention. The transfer of Western organizational patterns to Meiji Japan (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987)
- Allan Mitchell, The German influence in France after 1870: The formation of the French Republic (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1979)
- Michel Espagne and Michael Werner, ‘La construction ‘une référence culturelle allemande en France.Genèse et histoire 1750-1914’, Annales ESC, 4, 1987, 969-992
- Michel Espagne and Michael Werner, Philologiques III. Qu’est ce qu’une littérature nationale? Approches pour une théorie interculturelle du champ littéraire (Paris: Editions de la MSH, 1994)
- Michel Espagne, Le paradigme de l’étranger. Les chaires de littérature étrangère au XIXe siècle (Paris: Cerf, 1993)
- Viviane Claude, ‘Le travail de la différence. Les cultures techniques municipales à Strasbourg entre la France et l’Allemagne 1870-1920’, Genèses 37 (December 1999): 114-134
- J. E. Hardoy, ‘Theory and practice of urban planning in Europe 1850-1930: Its transfer to Latin America’, in J. E. Hardoy and R. M. Morse, Rethinking the Latin American city (Washington and Baltimore: Woodrow Wilson Center/ Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990)
- Arturo Almandoz Marte, Urbanismo europeo en Caracas, 1870-1940 (Caracas: Fundarte/Equinoccio, 1997)

Third session. Le berceau belge

NB: The session may include a visit to Mons (near Brussells) to the Musée du Mundaneum

Compulsory Readings
- Les premisses du Mundaneum. Cent ans de l’Office International de Bibliographie, 1895-1995 (Mons: Editions Mundaneum, 1995)
- W. Boyd Rayward, The universe of information: The work of Paul Otlet for documentation and international organisation, FID Publication No. 520, (Moscow: All-Union Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, 1975), chapters 7 and 8

Additional Readings
- Anne Rasmussen, ‘L’Internationale scientifique 1890-1914’, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales de Paris, 1995
- Jean-François Crombois, L’univers de la sociologie en Belgique de 1900 à 1940 (Bruxelles: Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles, 1996)
- Ginette Kurgan-van Hentenryk, ed, Laboratoires et réseaux de diffusion des idées en Belgique (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Bruxelles: Université de Bruxelles, 1990)
- Marcel Smets, Resurgam. La reconstruction en Belgique après 1914 (Bruxelles: Crédit Communal de Belgique, 1985)

Fourth session. Le foyer chicagoan

Compulsory Readings
-  Martin Bulmer, ‘The early institutional establishment of social science research: the Local Community Research Committee at the University of Chicago, 1923-1930’, Minerva 18 (1980): 51-110

Recommended Readings
- Barry Karl, Charles E. Merriam and the study of politics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974), chapters 7, 8, 12

Additional Readings
- Steven J. Diner, A city and its universities. Public policy in Chicago, 1892-1919 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1980)
- Dorothy Ross, The origins of American social science (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1991)
- Donald Fisher, Fundamental development of the social sciences. Rockefeller philanthropy and the United States Social Science Research Council (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993)
- Martin Bulmer, The Chicago school of sociology: Institutionalization, diversity and the rise of sociological research (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984)
- James T. Carey, Sociology and public affairs. The Chicago school (Beverly Hills: Sage, 1975)
- Mary-Ann Dzuback, Robert Maynard Hutchins. Portrait of an educator (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1991)
- Andrew Feffer, The Chicago pragmatists and American progressivism (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993)
- Kenneth Finegold, Experts and politicians Reform challenges to machine politics in New York, Cleveland and Chicago (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995)
- Daniel Meyer, ‘The Chicago faculty and the university ideal, 1891-1929’, Ph. D. dissertation, Dept. of History, University of Chicago, August 1994
- Laurence Veysey, The emergence of the American University (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965)

Compulsory Readings
- ‘Les revues dans la vie intellectuelle 1885-1914’, Cahiers Georges Sorel 5 (1987): 1-76
- P. Dogliani, ‘Edgard Milhaud e la rivista internazionale “Annales de la régie directe” (1908-1924)’, Annali della Fondazione Luigi Einaudi 11 (1985): 195-249

Additional Readings
- Cristina Accornero, ‘Scienze sociali e città industriale. Alle Origine della sociologia urbana’, in Corrado Malandrino, ed., Una rivista all’avanguardia. La Riforma Sociale 1894-1935 (Firenze: Leo S. Olschki, 2000), pp. 131-70
- Renaud Payre, article sur la Vie communale
- Patrizia Dogliani, Un laboratorio di socialismo municipale. La Francia, 1870-1920 (Milan: Franco Angeli, 1992), publication of Ph.D. dissertation, ‘Un laboratoire de socialisme municipal: France, 1880-1920’, Université de Paris VIII, 1991, part 2, chapter 2
- Clark Chambers, Paul U. Kellogg and ‘The Survey’. Voices for social welfare and social change (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota press, 1971)
- Lloyd J. Graybar, Albert Shaw of the Review of Reviews, an intellectual biography (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1974)

Sixth session. Vecteurs II: Congrès, expositions

Compulsory Readings
- ‘Les Congrès, lieux de l’échange intellectuel (1850-1914)’, Mil neuf cent Cahiers Georges Sorel, 7 (1989): 5-58 and 99-126
- Christian Topalov, Naissance du chômeur 1880-1910 (Paris: Albin Michel, 1994), chapter 3

Recommended Readings
- Helen Meller, ‘Philanthropy and public enterprise: International exhibitions and the modern town-planning movement 1889-1913’, Planning Perspectives 10 (1995)
- Anne Rasmussen, ‘L’Internationale scientifique 1890-1914’, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales de Paris, 1995, chapters 2 and 3

Additional Readings
- Donatella Calabi, Mario Folin, and Werner Heggeman, Catalogo delle esposizioni internazionali di urbanistica di Berlino 1910 Düsseldorf 1910-1912 (Milano: Saggiatore, 1975)
- Nico Randeraad, ‘Een etalage van bestuurlijke vernieuwing. De tentoonstelling op gemeentelijk administratief gebied in 1906’, Amstelodamum 82 (1995): 141-51
- Giorgio Piccinato, La costruzione dell’urbanistica: Germania, 1871-1914 (Roma: Officina Edizioni, 1974)
- Anne Rasmussen, ‘L’Internationale scientifique, 1890-1914’, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales de Paris, 1995
- Daniel T. Rodgers, Atlantic crossings. Social politics in a progressive age (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998)
*Review (H-Pol: January 2000) by Katherine G. Aiken, Department of History, University of Idaho.
*Review (H-State, H-Urban, H-Sci-Med-Tech: October, 1999) by Victoria de Grazia, Professor of History, Columbia University.
*Review (H-State, H-Urban, H-Sci-Med-Tech: October, 1999) by David C. Hammack, Department of History, Case Western Reserve University.
*Review (H-State, H-Urban, H-Sci-Med-Tech: October, 1999) by Seth Koven, Department of History, Villanova University.
*Review (H-State, H-Urban, H-Sci-Med-Tech: October, 1999) by Harry M. Marks, The Johns Hopkins University.
*Review (H-State, H-Urban, H-Sci-Med-Tech: October, 1999) by Sonya Michel, History and Women's Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
*Review (H-State, H-Urban, H-Sci-Med-Tech: October, 1999) by Pierre-Yves Saunier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lyons, France.
- Axel R. Schäfer, American Progressives and German social reform, 1875-1920 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2000)
- Christian Topalov, Laboratoires du nouveau siècle. La nébuleuse réformatrice et ses réseaux en France, 1880-1914 (Paris: Éditions de l’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, 1999), contributions by Didier Renard, Rainer Gregarek, and Susanna Magri
*Review (H-Urban: September, 2000) by Maureen A. Flanagan, Michigan State University.

Compulsory Readings
- Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social evolutionist and city planner (London: Routledge, 1990)
- Patrizia Dogliani, ed., Europeismo e municipalismo. Alessandro Schiavi nel secondo dopoguerra (Cesena: Il Ponte vecchio, 1996), 13-53
- Anne Rasmussen, ‘L’Internationale scientifique 1890-1914’, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales de Paris, 1995, chapters 5 and 7

Additional Readings
- Marta Aleksandra Balinska, Une vie pour l’humanitaire. Ludwik Rajchmann, 1881-1965, foreword by Bronislaw Geremek (Paris: La Découverte, collection ‘L’Espace de l’histoire’)
- Christine Crasemann Collins, ‘Urban interchange in the Southern Cone: Le Corbusier (1929) and Werner Hegemann (1931) in Argentina’, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 54: 2 (1995)
- Axel R. Schäfer, American Progressives and German social reform, 1875-1920 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2000), chapters 2 and 3
- Daniel T. Rodgers, Atlantic crossings. Social politics in a progressive age, (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998)

Compulsory Readings
- Renaud Payre and Pierre-Yves Saunier, ‘L’internazionale municipalista : L’Union Internationale des Villes fra 1913 e 1940’, Amministrare 30: 1/2 (January-August 2000): 217-42
- John Boli and George M. Thomas, eds., Constructing world culture. International nongovernmental organizations since 1875 (Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1999), 1-77
- Viviane Claude, ‘Technique sanitaire et réforme urbaine: l’Association Générale des Hygiénistes et Techniciens Municipaux 1905-1920’, in Topalov, Laboratoires, 269-98.

Additional Readings
- John Boli and George M. Thomas, eds., Constructing world culture. International nongovernmental organizations since 1875 (Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1999)
- Pierre Boissier, From Solferino to Tsushima: History of the International Committee of the Red Cross (Geneva: Henry Dunant Institute, 1985)
- Leila Rupp, Worlds of women: The making of an international women’s movement (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997)
*Review (H-Women: January, 1999) by Cynthia Harrison, George Washington University.
- Ian Tyrell, Woman’s world/woman’s empire: The Women’s Christian Temperance Union in international perspective, 1880-1930 (Chapel Hill: North Carolina University Press, 1991)
- Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, Activists beyond borders: Advocacy networks in international politics (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1998)

Compulsory Readings
- Marta Aleksandra Balinska, Une vie pour l’humanitaire. Ludwik Rajchmann, 1881-1965, foreword by Bronislaw Geremek (Paris: La Découverte, collection ‘L’Espace de l’histoire’)
- Victor-Yves Ghebali, ‘Aux origines de l’ECOSOC: L’Évolution des commissions et organisations techniques de la Société des Nations’, Annuaire français de droit international 28 (1972): 469-511

Additional Readings
- Daniel G. Cohen, ‘Naissance d’une nation: Les personnes déplacées de l’après-guerre, 1945-1951’, Genèses 38 (March 2000): 56-78
- Kim Solomon, ‘The Cold War heritage: UNRRA and IRO as the predecessors of the UNHCR’, in Göran Rystad, The uprooted. Forced migrations as an international problem in the post-war era (Lund: Lund University Press, 1990)
- Walter Friedlander, International social welfare (New York: Prentice Hall, 1975)
- Jean-Jacques Renoliet, L’UNESCO oubliée. La Société des Nations et la coopération intellectuelle (1919-1946), foreword by René Girault (Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1999)
- Robert C. Hildebrand, Dumbarton Oaks. The origins of the UN and the search for postwar security (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990)
- Francis P. Walters, A History of the League of Nations, 2nd edition (Oxford University Press, 1960)
- Pierre Gerbet, Marie-Renée Mouton, and Victor-Yves Ghebali, Le rêve d’un ordre mondial, de la SDN à l’ONU (Paris: Editions de l’Imprimerie nationale, 1996)
- Thomas G. Weiss, David P. Forsythe, and Roger A. Coate, The United Nations and changing world politics (Boulder, Col.: Westview, 1997)
- Christel Taillibert, L’Institut international du cinématographe international éducatif. Regards sur le rôle du cinéma éducatif dans la politique internationale du fascisme italien (Paris: L’Harmattan, 1999)

Compulsory Readings
- Francis X. Sutton, ‘The Ford Foundation: The early years’, Daedalus 16 (1987): 41-91
- Emily S, Rosenberg, ‘Missions to the world: American philanthropy abroad, 1890-1945’, in Larry Friedman, ed., Charity, philanthropy, and civility in American history (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002)

Lecture conseillées
- Yves Dezalay and Bryan Garth, ‘Droits de l’homme et philanthropie hégémonique’, Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 121-122 (March 1998): 23-41

Additional Readings
- Emily S. Rosenberg, Spreading the American dream: American economic and cultural expansion, 1890-1945 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982)
- Martin Bulmer, ‘Philanthropy and social science in the 1920s: Beardsley Ruml and the Laura Spelman Rockefeller memorial, 1922-29’, Minerva 19 (1981): 347-407
- Giuliana Gemelli, ed., American foundations and large-scale research: Construction and transfer of knowledge (Bologna: Clueb, 2001)
- Volker R. Berghahn, America and the intellectual cold wars in Europe. Shepard Stone between philanthropy, academy, and diplomacy (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2001)
*Review (H-Soz-u-Kult: April, 2002) by Konrad Jarausch, Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam und University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
- Frank A. Ninkovich, The diplomacy of ideas: U.S. foreign policy and cultural relations, 1938-1950 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981)
- Jack Salzman, ed., Philanthropy in American society. New York: Center for American culture studies (New York: Columbia University Press, 1987)
- Edward H. Berman, The influence of the Carnegie, Ford and Rockefeller foundations on American foreign policy. The ideology of philanthropy (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983)
- Robert F. Arnove, Philanthropy and cultural imperialism. The foundations at home and abroad (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982)
- Ellen Condliffe Lagemann, The politics of knowledge: The Carnegie corporation, philanthropy and public policy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989)
- Ellen Condliffe Lagemann, ed., Philanthropic foundations. New scholarship, new possibilities (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999)
*Review (H-Business, EH.Net: August, 1999) by Milton Goldin, National Coalition of Independent Scholars (NCIS).
- Ellen Condliffe Lagemann, Private power for the public good: A history of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1983)
- Pierre-Yves Saunier, ‘Selling the idea of cooperation. The U.S. foundations and the European components of the Urban Internationale (1920s-1960s)’, in Giuliana Gemelli, ed., American foundations and large-scale research: Construction and transfer of knowledge (Bologna: Clueb, 2001)

Compulsory Readings
- Kathryn Kish Sklar, Anja Schuler, and Susan Strasser, eds., Social justice feminists in the United States and Germany. A dialogue in documents, 1885-1933 (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1998), Introduction, pp. 1-75
- Christian Topalov, ‘From the social question to urban problems: Reformers and the working classes at the turn of the 20th century’, International Social Science Journal 42: 3 (August 1990): 319-33 (French version in Revue Internationale des Sciences Sociales, same dates)

Recommended Readings
- Daniel T. Rodgers, Atlantic crossings. Social politics in a progressive age (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998), chapters 1-3

Additional Readings
- Nancy Stieber, Housing design and society in Amsterdam. Reconfiguring urban order and identity, 1900-1920 (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1998)
*Review (H-Urban: May, 1999) by Pierre-Yves Saunier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lyons, France.
- Anthony Sutcliffe, Towards the planned city. Germany, Britain, the United States and France, 1780-1914 (London: Basil Blackwell, 1981)
- ‘Architectures et politiques sociales 1900-1940’, special edition of Cahiers de la recherche architecturale 15-17 (Winter 1985)
- James T. Kloppenberg, Uncertain victory: Social democracy and progressivism in European and American thought, 1870-1920 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986)
- Pierre-Yves Saunier, ‘Sketches from the Urban Internationale. Voluntary societies, international organizations and U.S. foundations at the city’s bedside, 1900-1960’, International Journal for Urban and Regional Research, (Great Britain) 25: 2 (June 2001): 380-403

Compulsory Readings
- Marjatta Hietala, ‘La diffusion des innovations: Helsinki, 1875-1917’, Genèses 10 (January 1993): 74-89
- Axel R. Schäfer, American Progressives and German social reform, 1875-1920 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2000), chapters 2-3

Recommended Readings
- Bernard Aspinwall, Portable Utopia: Glasgow and the United States, 1820-1920 (Aberdeen University Press, 1984), chapter 5, pp. 151-184

Additional Readings
- ‘The administrative knowledge of cities’, Jahrbuch für europaïsche verwaltungs geschichte 15 (2003)
- ‘Municipal connections in the 20th century’, Contemporary European History (November 2002)
- Anne Hardy, The Epidemic streets: Infectious disease and the rise of preventive medicine, 1856-1900 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993)
- Gilles Pollet, ‘La construction de l’Etat social à la française: Entre local et national XIXe et XXe siècles’, Lien social et politique-RIAC 33 (1995): 115-131
- Oscar Gaspari, ‘Ugo Giusti (1873-1953)’, Economia Pubblica, 1 (1999): 79-116
- Bénédicte Zimmermann, La constitution du chômage en Allemagne. Entre professions et territoires (Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, 2001)
- Jonathan Kahn, Budgeting democracy: State building and citizenship in America, 1890-1920 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997)
*Review (H-Urban: September, 1998) by Pierre-Yves Saunier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lyons, France.
- Pierre-Yves Saunier, ‘Changing the city: urban international information and the Lyon municipality, 1900-1940’, Planning Perspectives 14: 1 (1999): 19-48
- Marjatta Hietala, Services and urbanization at the turn of the century. The diffusion of innovations (Helsinki: Finnish Historical Society, 1987)