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1. September 8th. Introduction: New York City in comparative perspective:
New York as an old, declining, blue collar, ethnic city with machine politics vs. New York as a new, expanding, professional, middle class city with reform politics. New York's historical position as a progenitor of urban liberalism and the local welfare state vs. the anomaly of a persistent, relatively conservative, pro-growth regime. The politics of ethnic and racial succession vs. the forging of cross-ethnic coalitions.
Martin Shefter, "Regional Receptivity to Reform in the United States," in M. Shefter, Political Parties and the State: The American Historical Experience (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), pp. 169-190.
John Mollenkopf, A Phoenix in the Ashes: The Rise and Fall of the Koch Coalition in New York City Politics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), Chapter 1.
2. September 15th. Interests, access, influence, organizational capacity, and systematic silences: who (or what) has power in New York City? Mollenkopf, Phoenix in the Ashes, Chapters 2 and 4.
Background
Robert Fitch, The Assassination of New York (London and New York: Verso, 1993)
Ira Katznelson, City Trenches: Urban Politics and the Patterning of Class in the United States (New York: Pantheon, 1981)
Martin Shefter, Political Crisis, Fiscal Crisis: The Collapse and Revival of New York City (New York: Basic Books, 1985)
Wallace Sayre and Herbert Kaufman, Governing New York City: Politics in the Metropolis (New York: W.W. Norton, 1965)
Jewel Bellush and Dick Netzer, eds., Urban Politics New York Style (New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1990)
Charles Brecher and Raymond D. Horton with Robert A. Cropf and Dean Michael Mead, Power Failure: New York City Politics and Policy Since 1960 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993)
Peter D. Salins, ed., New York Unbound: The City and the Politics of the Future (New York: Basil Blackwell, 1988)
3. September 22. Classic and contemporary views on the regular Democratic party organizations--or political machines. What functions has machine politics performed in New York City? How did it regulate ethnic succession among white immigrants and their descendants? How have the regular Democratic organizations and the related web of institutions and practices evolved over the last decade? In what senses do political machines persist?
William T. Stead, "Mr. Richard Croker and Greater New York," Review of Reviews 16 (October, 1897), pp. 342-352.
Robert K. Merton, "The Latent Functions of the Machine," in Social Theory and Social Structure (NY: Free Press, 1957), pp. 72-81.
Theodore Lowi, At the Pleasure of the Mayor: Patronage and Politics in New York City, 1896-1956 (New York: The Free Press, 1964), Ch. 8, "The Reform Cycle," pp. 175-213.
Daniel P. Moynihan, "`Bosses' and `Reformers' - A Profile of New York Democrats," Commentary (June 1961): 461-470.
Theodore Lowi, "Machine Politics-Old and New" The Public Interest 9 (Fall, 1967): 83-92.
Richard C. Wade, "The Withering Away of the Party System," in Bellush and Netzer, eds., Urban Politics New York Style, pp. 271-295.
James Bradley, "Clubhouse Rules," Brooklyn Bridge (July 1996): 44-49, 79.
Background:
Roy V. Peel, Political Clubs of New York City [1935] (New York: Ira S. Friedman, 1968)
Norman Adler and Blanche Blank, Political Clubs in New York (New York: Praeger, 1975)
Jeffrey Gerson, "Building the Brooklyn Machine: Jewish and Black Succession in the Brooklyn Democratic Party Organization, 1919-1964," (PhD Dissertation, Political Science Program, CUNY Graduate Center, 1990).
Jerome Krase and Charles LaCerra, Ethnicity and Machine Politics (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1991)
4. September 29th. Origins, forms, and discontents of urban liberalism.
John D. Buenker, Urban Liberalism and Progressive Reform (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1973), pp. 198-239, "Dimensions of Urban Liberalism"
Bernard Gifford, "New York City and Cosmopolitan Liberalism," Political Science Quarterly 93 (1978-79): 559-584.
Richard Cloward and Frances Fox Piven, "Dissensus Politics: A Strategy for Winning Economic Rights," in Cloward and Piven, The Politics of Turmoil (New York: Pantheon, 1973) [Originally in The New Republic (April 20, 1968)]
Irving Howe, "Social Retreat and the Tummler," Dissent (Fall 1987): 407-413.
Background:
Jim Sleeper, The Closest of Strangers: Liberalism and the Politics of Race in New York (New York: W. W. Norton, 1990) Gareth Davies, From Opportunity to Entitlement: The Transformation and Decline of Great Society Liberalism (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1996)
Fred Siegel, The Future Once Happened Here: New York, DC, LA and the Fate of America's Big Cities (New York: Free Press, 1997)
5. October 6th. The Growth and Crisis of the Local Welfare State
Brecher and Horton with Cropf and Mead, Power Failure, pp. 17-45.
Martin Shefter, "New York City's Fiscal Crisis: Countering the Politics of Mass Mobilization," in Shefter, Political Parties and the State, pp. 233-258. [Originally published as "New York City's Fiscal Crisis: The Politics of Inflation and Retrenchment," The Public Interest 48 (Summer, 1977), pp. 98-127.]
Ester R. Fuchs, Mayors and Money: Fiscal Policy in New York and Chicago (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), "Interest Group Fragmentation in New York City and Machine Dominance in Chicago" (242-261) and "Fiscal Policy, Interest Groups, and the Local Party" (270-272).
Mollenkopf, Phoenix in the Ashes, Chapter 6.
[No Class Monday, October 13, Columbus Day]
6. October 20th. The struggle for minority political incorporation.
Rufus Browning, Dale Rogers Marshall, and David H. Tabb, "Can People of Color Achieve Power in City Government? The Setting and the Issues," and "Has Political Incorporation Been Achieved? Is It Enough?" in Browning, Marshall, and Tabb, eds., Racial Politics in American Cities, 2nd ed. (New York: Longman, 1997), pp. 3-13, 277-298.
James Jennings, "Racial Hierarchy and Ethnic Conflict in the United States," in James Jennings, ed., Blacks, Latinos, and Asians in Urban America (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1994), pp. 143-158.
Charles P. Henry, "Urban Politics and Incorporation: The Case of Blacks, Latinos, and Asians in Three Cities,"), ibid, pp. 17-27. John Mollenkopf, "New York: The Great Anomaly," in ibid. Pp 97-113
Mollenkopf, Phoenix, Chapter 7.
Roger Waldinger, "The Ethnic Politics of Municipal Jobs," Still the Promised City? (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996), pp. 206-253.
Falcon, Angelo, "Black and Latino Politics in New York City: Race and Ethnicity in a Changing Urban Context," New Community 14:3 (Spring, 1988): 370-384.
Carolyn E. Setlow and Renae Cohen, 1992 New York City Intergroup Relations Survey (American Jewish Committee, 1993).
Background:
Huey L. Perry, ed., Race, Politics, and Governance in the United States (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1996)
Wilbur C. Rich, ed., The Politics of Minority Coalitions: Race, Ethnicity and Shared Uncertainties (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1996), especially essays by Kilson, Watts, and McClain. Patrick D. Joyce, "A Reversal of Fortunes: Black Empowerment, Political Machines, and City Jobs in New York City and Chicago," Urban Affairs Reveiw 32:3 (January 1997): 291-318
7. October 27th. The Giuliani era and the failure of urban liberalism: the emergence of a new paradigm?
Mollenkopf, Phoenix, epilogue
Jim Sleeper, "The End of the Rainbow," The New Republic (November 1, 1993), pp. 20-25.
Richard Keiser, "Analyzing Urban Regime Change: White Backlash, Black Power, and Shades of Gray," (paper at 1997 APSA Annual Meeting, Washington, DC)
Browning, Marshall, and Tabb, "Taken In or Just Taken? Political Incorporation of African Americans in Cities," (paper at 1997 APSA Annual Meeting, Washington, DC)
8. November 3nd. White ethnics, the conservative shift of the social base of the New Deal coalition, and the politics of racial resentment.
Nathan Glazer and Daniel P. Moynihan, "Introduction to the second edition: New York City in 1970," Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1970), pp. Vii-xcv.
Milton Himmelfarb, "Jewish Class Conflict?," in Murray Friedman, ed., Overcoming Middle Class Rage (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1971), pp. 203-213 [originally in Commentary (January 1970)]
Edward T. Rogowsky, Louis H. Gold, and David W. Abbott, "Police: The Civilian Review Board Controversy," in Jewel Bellush and Steven David, eds., Race and Politics in New York City (New York: Praeger, 1971), pp. 59-97.
Mollenkopf, Phoenix, Chapter 5
Asher Arian, Arthur S. Goldberg, John H. Mollenkopf, and Edward T. Rogowsky, "Shifting Allegiances," Changing New York City Politics (New York: Routledge, 1991), pp. 118-34.
Background:
Jonathan Rieder, Canarsie: The Jews and Italians of Brooklyn Against Liberalism (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985).
Robert W. Snyder, "The Neighborhood Changed: The Irish of Washington Heights and Inwood Since 1945," in Ronald H. Bayor and Timothy J. Meagher, The New York Irish (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), pp. 439-460. J. Daniel Mahoney, Actions Speak Louder (New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1968)
Samuel G. Freedman, The Inheritance: How Three Families and American Moved From Roosevelt to Reagan and Beyond (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996)
9. November 10th. The 1997 mayoral election: anatomy of defeat for urban liberalism?
News coverage, results, and exit poll from November 4th general election.
10. November 17th. Black politics.
Charles V. Hamilton, "The Patron-Recipient Relationship and Minority Politics in New York City," Political Science Quarterly 94:2 (Summer 1979): 211-227
Charles V. Hamilton, "Needed, More Foxes: The Black Experience," in Jewel Bellush and Dick Netzer, eds., Urban Politics New York Style (Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1990), pp. 359-384.
J. Phillip Thompson, "The Election and Governance of David Dinkins as Mayor of New York," in Perry, ed., Race, Politics, and Governance in the United States, pp. 65-81.
Background:
Charles Green and Basil Wilson, The Struggle of Black Empowerment in New York City: Beyond the Politics of Pigmentation (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1989)
Jewel Bellush and Steven David, eds., Race and Politics in New York City (New York: Praeger, 1971)
Sleeper, Closest of Strangers
Adolph Reed, Jr., "The Black Urban Regime: Structural Origins and Constraints," in Michael Peter Smith, ed., Power, Community, and the City (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1988)
Adolph Reed, Jr., "Demobilization in the New Black Political Regime: Ideological Capitulation and Radical Failure in the Postsegregation Era," in Michael Peter Smith and Joe R. Feagin, eds., The Bubbling Cauldron: Race, Ethnicity, and the Urban Crisis (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995).
11. November 24th. Latino politics.
Jose R. Sanchez, "Puerto Rican Politics in New York," in Gabriel Haslip-Viera and Sherrie L. Baver, eds., Latinos in New York: Communities in Transition (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1996), pp. 259-301.
Angelo Falcon and Chris Hanson-Sanchez, Latino Immigrants and Electoral Participation: Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, and South Americans in the New York City Political System (New York: Institute for Puerto Rican Policy, July 1996).
Background:
Louis DeSipio, Counting on the Latino Vote: Latinos as a New Electorate (Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1997)
James Jennings, Puerto Rican Politics in New York (Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1977).
12. December 1st. The "new immigration," the second generation, and the long term political impact of immigration.
Louis DeSipio, "The Dynamics of Urban Growth: Immigration, Naturalization, and the Reshaping of Urban Politics," (paper to the 1997 APSA Annual Meeting, Washington, DC)
Michael Jones-Correa, Between Two Nations: Immigrants, Citizenship, and Politics in New York City (manuscript, 1997), Chapter 5, "Resistance from Outside: the (Non-) Incorporation of Immigrants by Political Machines," Chapter 6, "Internal Resistance: The Community of Memory and the Myth of Return," and Chapter 7, "Latino Identities: Being In-Between"
David Olson and Melissa Levitt, "But Do They Vote? Immigration and Political Incorporation in New York City," (paper for 1996 Northeast Political Science Association, Boston)
Background:
Philip Kasinitz, Caribbean New York: Black Immigrants and the Politics of Race (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992), especially Chapter 7.
13. December 8th. The politics of representation: the Voting Rights Act, majority minority districts, and alternative forms of representation.
Richard Engstrom, "Electoral Arrangements and Minority Political Incorporation," (paper presented to the 1997 Annual Meeting of the APSA, Washington, DC, August 28-31).
Jim Sleeper, "Voting Wrongs," Liberal Racism (New York: Viking, 1997), pp. 43-66.
Frank J. Macchiarola and Joseph G. Diaz, "Minority Political Empowerment in New York City: Beyond the Voting Rights Act," Political Science Quarterly 108:1 (Spring 1993): 37-57.
Background:
Carol Swain, Black Faces, Black Interests: The Representation of African-Americans in Congress (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993)
Lani Guinier, The Tyranny of the Majority: Fundamental Fairness in Representative Democracy (New York: Free Press, 1994)
David Lublin, The Paradox of Representation: Racial Gerrymandering and Minority Interests in Congress (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997)
14. December 15th. The future of political reform and party politics in New York City.
Presentation of research findings. Can a new case be made for liberal, Democratic multi-racial politics? On what terms? What are the prospects for the persistence of a relatively conservative, predominantly white politics based on the Republican party? Can the racial divide be overcome, and if so, how?
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