Clark, Urban Policy Analysis (2000)

Urban Policy Analysis (Revised)
(Public Policy 248/348; Sociology 256/329; Political Science 256)

Terry Nichols Clark
tnclark@midway.uchicago.edu
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Fall 2000

NOTE:
Professor Clark has an earlier version of this course in the Syllabus Archive dated 1995.
This syllabus has been substantially revised for use in Fall 2000 classes.
Teaching Assistant was Anne Bartlett at albartle@midway.uchicago.edu.

SYLLABUS

How does urban policy get made? Do leaders matter? Some see specific leaders, and their preferences, as key. If leaders matter, then are business, political, or other kinds of leaders more important--and where, when, and why? A second view is that capitalism, or more recently, global markets, make specific leaders irrelevant. A third view is that leaders like mayors are growing weaker if not irrelevant since citizens, interest groups, and media have grown so powerful. We examine theoretical statements of these views, comparative studies, and case studies of specifics. But there is not a simple answer: some evidence supports each of the three views. Thus, as the course proceeds we will give you some tools to sift through and interpret such conflicting evidence, as you will no doubt confront similar conflicts in the future.

The course introduces you to core urban issues, whether your goal is to conduct research, interpret reports by others, make policy decisions, or watch the tube and then be able to discuss these issues as a more informed citizen. One former student suggested that we announce that each class will show you how at least one conception from the N.Y. Times or CNN is wrong, and how you can reach a more informed interpretation. He also suggested you could get your money back if we don’t, but the University’s legal counsel advised against this.

The course presents an overview of urban policy analysis, focusing on leadership patterns of public officials and their implications for urban public policy, especially economic development. In the process we review the major interpretations about how urban politics and leadership work in cities around the world today. What strategies encourage or discourage development? Which specific cities and leaders have followed different sets of strategies and with what consequences? What shifts in urban political cultures have accompanied different sets of policies? Case studies of individual cities and comparative analyses across cities around the world will be used. Examples are drawn especially from Chicago, the most studied city in the world, because it used to illustrate such dramatic examples of poverty, crime, gangs, violence, political corruption, and more. But it has recently become the Leisure City on the Lakefront, where airports and school parking lots are converted into parks, and Navy Pier, the Bulls, great restaurants, music, and theater draw more visitors than the Grand Canyon. What has happened here and why? How much does this transformation follow a pattern also around the world? To answer, we draw on work from the Fiscal Austerity and Urban Innovation (FAUI) Project, a study of more than 7,000 cities in 34 countries, that began in 1983, and has generated many counter-intuitive results from North America, Asia, Europe, and Latin America. Data from Chicago and the international FAUI project are available for student projects and papers. We also maintain contacts with many organizations in Chicago and can help arrange an internship as part of a student project if you are interested.

This is a lecture/discussion course. It feeds into an optional research project as is detailed in the first few course sessions. Many students revise and continue working on papers in the Winter, and some develop these into BA or MA papers. The Winter Workshop in Urban Policy is offered to provide continuity for such projects.

READINGS

NOTE: Readings are labeled with one, two or three stars to indicate their importance for the course. Three star readings are terrific meals. Recommended but less important readings are labeled Extra.

I. LEADERSHIP AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT: PERSPECTIVES

A. Regimes/Leadership

***Robert A. Dahl: Who Governs? New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1961, chs. 1, 8, 9, 10, 19, 24, 27, 28.; The classic study of urban leadership.
***Clarence Stone: Regime Politics. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1989, ch. 8, pp. 169-178.; See this use of "regime" in practice.
**Terry Nichols Clark and Lorna Crowley Ferguson.: City Money, New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1983, introduction, ch. 1, 4, 8.; Cities differ in systematic ways that we can capture with attention to leaders and their rules of the game.
**Dennis Judd and Michael Parkinson, eds.: Leadership and Urban Regeneration.; Newbury Park: Sage, 1990. Read introductory and concluding chapters by the editors and one city chapter for fun, e.g. Liverpool.
B. Markets, National and Global
***Paul E. Peterson.: City Limits. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981, ch. 3, pp. 41-65.; Stresses the market: competition for scarce development funds limits cities in their policy options.
**Edward L. Glaeser, Jed Kolko, Albert Saiz.: Consumer City. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 7790, July 2000 (http://www.nber.org/papers/w7790).; Cities are for both production and consumption; non-market transactions are sometimes more important than market transactions.
***Saskia Sassen.: The Global City. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. Overview, pp. 3-15.; Provocative statement with a nuance and subtlety that many others do not attain. Scan the rest of the book.
Extra. Terry Nichols Clark.: “Old and New Paradigms for Urban Research,” Urban Affairs Review, September 2000.; Globalization undermines some urban paradigms and strengthens others, specified here.
C. Political Culture: Migration, and Ethnic History as the Past; Post-Industrial Politics as the Future
***Daniel J. Elazar, "The American Cultural Matrix, in D.J. Elazar and J. Zikmund, eds.: The Ecology of American Political Culture. New York: Cromwell, 1975, pp. 13-42.; Scan papers by others, esp. Patterson. Cultural migration streams from Europe and across the US help define distinct rules of the game in different cities today. Elazar has extended this to be world wide.
***Terry Nichols Clark and Vincent Hoffmann-Martinot, eds.: The New Political Culture. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1998, chs 1-4.

II. HOW TO STUDY POLITICAL LEADERSHIP? THE COMMUNITY POWER TRADITION
*Max Weber, "Class, Status, and Power", in Willis Hawley and Frederick M. Wirt, eds.: The Search for Community Power, second edition. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1974, pp. 11-25.; Leadership may emerge from several distinct bases.
*Robert S. and Helen M. Lynd.: "Middletown's X Family" in Hawley and Wirt, pp. 41-51.; The American radical/neo-Marxist roots of community power in the 1930s.
**Floyd Hunter.: "Community Power Structure," in Hawley and Wirt, pp. 52-65.; The classic business dominance view, with a new method in the 1950s.
*Wallace Sayre and Herbert Kaufman.: "Governing New York City," in Hawley and Wirt, pp. 79-86.; Dispersed influence - contrast with Caro's Great Man interpretation below.
*Edward C. Banfield.: Political Influence. New York: Free Press, 1961, pp. 15-29, 159-262.; The classic on Chicago politics and decision-making. How the first Mayor Daley did it all (or knew how to avoid problems).
*Rowan Miranda.: "Containing Cleavages: Parties and Other Hierarchies," in Terry Nichols Clark, ed., Urban Innovation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1994, pp. 79-104.; This tests the Chicago argument of Banfield and others about a strong party suppressing spending using a national sample of US cities.
**Terry Nichols Clark, ed.: Community Structure and Decision-Making. San Francisco and Chicago: Chandler/SRA, 1968, pp. 15-23, 45-81, 91-126.; This book shifted the focus of community power work from case studies to comparative analyses, helping transcend the elitist-pluralist debate of Hunter and Dahl.

III. TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE URBAN CONTEXT:
THE END OF GOVERNMENT GROWTH, CUTS IN INTERGOVERNMENTAL GRANTS, BREAKUP OF CLASS POLITICS AND THE CLASSIC LEFT AND RIGHT
*Aaron Wildavsky.: Budgeting: A Comparative Theory of Budgetary Processes. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1986, ch. 6, 182-218.; While incrementalism and good government by city managers served well in some cities through the early 60s, they fell in the wake of taxpayer's revolts, grant cuts, inflation, and new rules of the game.
**Clark and Ferguson.: City Money, chs. 5-7.; Shows the emergence of black power, then militant unions and other social movements in the early 70s, then the taxpayer's revolt and grant cuts in the late 70s. How each left distinct impacts on city leadership and policies. And how historical periods can be quantitatively demarcated. Paves the way to current trends and conflicts among such cultures.
**Rufus P. Browning, Dale Rogers Marshall, David H. Tabb.: Protest is Not Enough. Berkeley: Univ of California Press, 1984, pp. 37-43.; Shows the fall of Bay Area city manager "non-partisanship" as blacks and Hispanics mobilized with major impacts.
*Terry Nichols Clark, ed.: Urban Innovation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1994, pp. 1-78; 105-145.; Identifies a New Political Culture emerging in some cities, and contrasts it with class and race/ethnic politics.
*Bowles, Samuel, and Gintis, Herbert.: Democracy and Capitalism. 2nd ed. New York: Basic Books, 1987, pp. 14-26.; A quasi-philosophy of new social movements.
IV. NEW PATTERNS OF LEADERSHIP AND POLICY
A. Perspectives
*Walter Benjamin.: “Paris, Capital of the Nineteenth Century,” in The Arcades Project. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999, pp.14-26; for a close commentary on Benjamin see Rolf Tiedemann, “Dialectics at a Standstill,” pp. 929-945.; Starting from a Marxist perspective, Benjamin stresses that a continual search for new forms of consumption (of fine umbrellas, hats, dresses, and more) drives urban growth and social conflict.
*Richard Lloyd and Terry Nichols Clark.: “The City as an Entertainment Machine”, presented to annual meeting American Sociological Association, August 2000.; A fun paper with a mildly revolutionary suggestion.
*Aaron Wildavsky.: "A Cultural Theory of Leadership," in Bryan Jones, ed., Leadership and Politics. Lawrence, Kansas: The University Press of Kansas, 1989, ch. 5, pp. 87-113.; Placing leadership in a cultural context.
*Paul Schumaker.: Critical Pluralism, Democratic Performance, and Community Power. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1991. pp. 50-55, 60-67, 141-145.; Two critical findings: (1) citizens support development, (2) support for development is a quite separate dimension from more common "liberal-conservative" issues.
B. Contrasting Types of Cities and Leadership Patterns
*Ferman, Barbara.: Challenging the Growth Machine. Lawrence: The University Press of Kansas. 1996, esp. Chs. 1 and 8, pp. 1-18, 135-152.; On why Chicago is different from Pittsburgh; her answers speak directly to several big theoretical questions.
Extra. Steven Elkin.: City and Regime in the American Republic. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987, ch 4, pp. 61-82.; On change in Dallas, business, and reform government.
Extra. Todd Swanstrom.: The Crisis of Growth Politics. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1985. Ch. 10, pp. 225-252, 294-296.; Cleveland: Mayors Kucinich and Voinovich, countering traditional growth strategies.
Extra. Terry Nichols Clark, ed.: Trees and Real Violins: Building Post-Industrial Chicago, draft MS.; Read Introduction and scan chapters that interest you.
Extra. Ferman, Barbara and William Grimshaw.: "The Politics of Housing Policy," in Kenneth K. Wong and Terry Nichols Clark, eds., Politics of Policy Innovation in Chicago, Research in Urban Policy, Vol. 4. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, pp. 103-128.
Extra. Robert Caro.: The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York. New York: Alfred Knopf, 1974, pp. 926-928.; A loose and colorful study that makes a strong argument. We will review some evidence to see how convincing it is.
Extra. Donald Rosdil.: "The Context of Radical Populism in US Cities," Journal of Urban Affairs, Vol. 13, 1991, pp. 77-96.; How a handful of radical or "progressive" mayors differ from the rest.
Extra. James Norquist.: The Wealth of Cities. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1998, chs. 1-2, pp. 1-45.; Strong statement about “new politics,” featuring concrete local polices that mesh with global markets. Openly critical of traditional welfare-state approaches that make cities dependent on higher governments. Many examples from U.S. cities. Author is several-term Mayor of Milwaukee, the first major city to use school vouchers.
Extra. Harald Baldersheim, Michael Illner, Audun Offerdal, Lawrence Rose, and Pawel Swianciwicz, eds.: Local Democracy and the Processes of Transformation in East-Central Europe. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1996, esp. Ch 5, pp. 161-196.; On radical privatization, defending the local welfare state, and other small questions, drawn from our colleagues studying localities in Hungary, Poland, and the Czech and Slovak Republics. Other chapters fill in other themes, but one chapter gives you a flavor of the situation.
Extra. Norman Walzer, ed.: Local Economic Development. Boulder: Westview, 1995.; The first book on local development policies in countries around the world, esp. W. Europe, Russia, and the US. Results show marked contrasts: where and why green-ecology issues rise is one area of dramatic differences. Like Baldersheim volume, emerges from FAUI Project. Scan to see what themes interest you.
V. PATTERNS OF URBAN GROWTH AND DECLINE, AND ETHNIC RELATIONS NOTE: This section includes works from the Sociology Ph.D. preliminary exam, which are thus highly recommended for Sociology Ph.D. students. Others can scan and read as they so choose. The following readings are from Urban Patterns: Studies in Human Ecology (rev. ed.). Edited by George A. Theodorson. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1982: Burgess, Ernest W. "The Growth of the City: An Introduction to a Research Project." Hoyt, Homer. "The Patterns of Movement of Residential Rental Neighborhoods." Duncan, Otis Dudley. "From Social System to Ecosystem." Firey, Walter. "Sentiment and Symbolism as Ecological Variables." These represent the old “Chicago School” approach of Park and Burgess, the 1920s “human ecology tradition”.
*Peterson, Paul.: The New Urban Reality. Washington DC: Brookings Institution, 1985, chs. by John D. Kasarda, William J. Wilson and Terry N. Clark.; “New” Chicago traditions.
*Bradbury, Katharine L., et al.: Urban Decline and the Future of American Cities. Washington DC: Brookings Institution, 1982, pp. 68-108.; Reassessing decline dynamics; some counterintuitive results.
*Fischer, Claude.: To Dwell among Friends: Personal Networks in Town and City. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982, chs. 1, 19.; Interpersonal networks.
Extra. White, Michael J.: American Neighborhoods and Residential Differentiation. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1987, chs. 4, 5, 6.; How neighborhoods take shape.
Extra. Hannerz, Ulf.: Soulside: Inquiries into Ghetto Life and Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 1969, Introduction, ch. 9.; Value ambivalence, marginal and mainstream mix in the ghetto.
Extra. Hochschild, Jennifer L.: Facing Up to the American Dream: Race, Class, and Soul of the Nation. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995, chs. 2-4.; Clear documentation of racial differences.
Extra. Lieberson, Stanley, and Mary C. Walters.: From Many Strands: Ethnic and Racial Groups in Contemporary America. New York: Russell Sage, 1988, ch. 8.; The “melting pot” is a blend of many different subtypes.
Extra. Portes, Alejandro, and Ruben G. Rumbaut.: Immigrant America: A Portrait. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990, ch. 1, 3, 7.; Contrasting immigration types.
Extra. Gordon, Milton.: "Toward a General Theory of Racial and Ethnic Groups Relations." In Ethnicity: Theory and Experience, ed. Nathan Glazer and Daniel Patrick Moynihan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975.; Contrast this and Schemerhorn with Elazar above.
Extra. Schemerhorn, Richard A.: Comparative Ethnic Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978, "Introduction," ch. 1.
VI. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IMPACTS
Extra. Logan, John, and Harvey Molotch. 1987.: Urban Fortunes. Berkeley: University of California Press.; Scan for their theory stressing markets, business leadership, and maximizing land value.
*Logan, John R., Rachel Bridges Whaley, Kyle Crowder.: 1997. "The Character and Consequences of the Growth Regimes: An Assessment of 20 Years of Research," Urban Affairs Review, 32, 5 (May): 603-630.; Seriously questions the adequacy of regimes and growth machines in explaining urban development, nods toward slow growth and consumption dynamics.
Extra. Gary P. Green and Arnold Fleischman.: "Promoting Economic Development," Urban Affairs Quarterly, Vol 27, No. 1, Sept. 1991, pp. 145-154.
Extra. Edward G. Goetz.: "Type II Policy and Mandated Benefits in Economic Development," Urban Affairs Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 2, Oct 1990, pp. 170-190.
Extra. Richard Feiock.: "The Effects of Economic Development Policy on Local Economic Growth," American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 35, No. 3, August 1991, pp. 643-655.
Note: we have the three surveys on PC diskette used by Green and Fleischman, Goetz and Feiock for students to analyze.
*Richard Florida.: Competing in the Age of Talent: Quality of Place and the New Economy. A Report. January 2000.; Smart cities compete less for jobs and more for talented residents. How? With amenities like bike paths. Bowling alleys correlate with urban population decline!
Extra. Lois Wille.: At Home in the Loop. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996. Ch 15, pp. 185-201.; Chicago’s worst slums are gone; the most dangerous, dirtiest, neighborhoods are in rapid transformation. Why and how? A sharp look at the miracle? of Chicago’s Near South Side in the last decade; how did it ever occur?
Extra. Gerald D. Scuttles.: The Man-Made City. Chicago: Univ of Chicago Press, 1990, pp 122-133. Chicago: city of big projects.; Considers bigger projects in years before Lois Wille’s book.
Extra. Anthony M. Orum.: Power, Money & the People. Austin: Texas Monthly Press, 1987. pp. 312-315, 338-341.; A wild-west development boom in the 1980s in Austin, Texas: note the two distinct sources.

EXAM AND PAPER ALTERNATIVES FOR THE COURSE

To provide more flexibility to students, four alternatives are open. You can:

only write a paper;
do the paper and midterm;
paper and final; or
do the paper, midterm and final
only midterm and final (no paper).

Each option uses a different set of weights for the final grade, as shown. You will learn most if you choose option 4, which is recommended but not required for all. Option 1 is open only to graduate students or undergraduates upon special petition (prepare a short note). Submit a petition in writing to TN Clark for his signature if you propose an alternative.

If mom requires a B average, and you worried, give us a note, and we can give you a B or better or instead an R or P, after we grade all exams. Keep mom happy!

You can always do a memo or two, or a short paper during or after the quarter that will only improve your grade, the amount depending no how much work you do. More products from you will only be evaluated n a way that ratchets up your grade, so when in doubt do more.

Other grade options: A for audit or R for registration credit only (no requirements), or P for Pass, for which you must complete at least two exams or a paper, or all three. It is acceptable to give the instructors a note indicating that you would like us to record a letter grade, for instance, of B- or better, or a P if the letter grade would be below B-.

Lecture/discussion sessions will be held Monday and Wednesday. Friday is a Review/Research and paper preparation session. The class discussion grade includes the Friday sessions.

% Weight for final grade -- class=10% in all options
	MT	FINAL	PAPER	CLASS
Only Paper			90	10
Paper & Midterm		35	55	10
Final & Paper	30		60	10
Midterm & Final	35	55		10
Paper, Midterm, & Final	25	32.5	32.5	10

DATES FOR FALL 2000

Midterm: Oct 25, Wednesday of Fifth Week. Covers first three parts of course.

Paper draft proposal due: Oct 30

Paper outline (revised from draft proposal) due: November 1, Wednesday of Sixth week.

Paper due Nov 27, Monday of Tenth Week.

The Nov 27 class, Monday of Tenth Week, will be a question and answer session reviewing the whole course.

The final exam: November 29, Wednesday of Tenth Week, covers all parts of the course.

Please submit a copy of your paper that I can keep on file for future students. Past papers are available now in Regenstein. If they do not appear on a card for current course readings, they may be listed under Soc. 256/329 "inactive reserve" for past years. Note that the specific requirements for this year differ from past years, so previous papers do not necessarily include both case study and comparative work. Related student papers are also on file for Soc. 328 (Urban Structure and Decision-Making) and esp. Soc. 410-411 (Workshop in Urban Policy). Addendum: the Library is revising its holdings and seeking to make past papers available over the Internet; we will keep you informed as to progress.

THE COURSE PAPER

Two Options are available. For both we suggest preparing a one page outline for reactions by the instructors before you undertake the bulk of the work on the paper.

Option 1 - Broad Topic Possible. The paper should in some way build on the material in the course, but in Option 1 we are relatively broad and tolerant in topic selection. Papers may be as different as analyzing a single concept in depth (like urban amenities and how they impact development), contrasting two cities concerning how their leaderships operate, or assessing how the course readings help address a particular issue of concern to you, like urban development in Japan.

Option 2 - More Focused Paper. One key lesson of this course is to consider social context--an important lesson for both social science and general education. Many generalizations are sometimes correct, e.g. for one city: businessmen comprise a coherent power elite, blacks support radical politics, class conflict has disappeared, etc. To support or oppose such generalization, debaters typically look for dramatic supporting cases and ignore exceptions. By contrast, social science is in principle committed to generalized explanations, which implies the necessity of linking single cases to more general patterns.

To achieve these goals in this course, we include readings from case studies of single cities, comparative studies of many cities, and studies that join the two. Your paper should join the two. How?

You should choose some phenomenon, topic, or policy area that can be studied 1. in Chicago and 2. using some of the national (or occasionally international) urban data that we have available for use on individual PCs or the U of C minis or mainframe systems. For example, what is the role of the press in affecting urban development decisions? This can be studied through reviewing past work on Chicago (esp. books on this reading list) to form your own analytical perspective and to see what they say about the press, reading some newspapers to see what evidence they may provide about their role in some decisions, interviews with some thoughtful informants, plus any other creative method you can think of. Then you can analyze the impact of the press on economic development decisions using one or more of the comparative urban data sets we have available as SPSS.SYS files, including:

Fiscal Austerity and Urban Innovation (FAUI) Project files. Questionnaire similar to that at the end of Clark and Ferguson, City Money (the actual questionnaires are published in Susan Clarke, ed., Urban Innovation and Autonomy. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1990.) Key variables are on files Core40.sys, Core50.sys, and Mayor4.sys for US data. A key composite file is NPC67.sys. Pooled international data are summarized in The International Mayor. These data can be downloaded over the Internet from our FTP site; ask for specifics.
ICMA 1984 Economic Development survey, analyzed in Green and Fleischman UAQ paper
Goetz urban development survey, with focus on "linked development"- see his UAQ paper and anti-growth movements; careful, N is low for further analysis
California League of Cities survey of growth management and controls. Probably to use as adjunct to other national surveys as this is just California, but Cal is great place to survey growth control.
Feiock economic development survey - in his paper above - but probably this is less appropriate for most purposes than the others.
Schumaker survey of new social movements and other pressures on local government agencies
General Social Survey of US citizens on wide range of issues
World Values Survey of citizens in some 20 countries

Past student papers that used the FAUI, GSS and World Values Surveys are published in Terry Nichols Clark and Michael Rempel, eds., Citizen Politics and Post-Industrial Societies. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996, esp. By Umeori on Japan, Mayer on Illinois, Rempel on the GSS, and Butts on Feminism in 14 countries.

You can work individually or with other students on either the Chicago portion or the national/international analysis, in conducting your fieldwork and data analysis, as well as in writing the paper. But if you write together, be very explicit about the role of each in the overall project. It is probably easier for this reason to work together closely if you so choose, but to write separate course papers.

The Friday sessions will be devoted to more detailed consideration of research for the paper, and if there is enough interest, include sessions on basics with computers, including Excel and SPSS. No prior knowledge of computers or these programs is required as a course prerequisite, but if you have no experience to date, working with other students who have more experience should help.

For students interested in pursuing a paper for more than one quarter (such as a BA or MA paper), the Workshop in Urban Policy will be offered next quarter, Winter 1993, exclusively to assist students in completing research papers.

More specifics about the paper apply to students registering for the Research Project in Sociology and Public Policy.v In past years, some students have chosen to prepare a major paper (BA, MA, etc.) starting with the this course. To facilitate such work, if you like you may register for both Urban Policy Analysis and a Reading and Research course and/or the Research Project in Sociology and Public Policy, in the Fall or Winter Quarter.

Short Paper/Memo: The normal paper is about 20 pages double spaced, but you may also submit a series of memos, commenting on readings or any topics related to the course, or a shorter paper (such as 10 pages), if you also take the exams.

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H-Urban Syllabus Use and Submission Policy

Syllabus prepared for archive 6 February 2001.

SYLLABUS

READINGS

I. LEADERSHIP AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT: PERSPECTIVES

A. Regimes/Leadership

B. Markets, National and Global

C. Political Culture: Migration, and Ethnic History as the Past; Post-Industrial Politics as the Future

II. HOW TO STUDY POLITICAL LEADERSHIP? THE COMMUNITY POWER TRADITION

III. TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE URBAN CONTEXT: THE END OF GOVERNMENT GROWTH, CUTS IN INTERGOVERNMENTAL GRANTS, BREAKUP OF CLASS POLITICS AND THE CLASSIC LEFT AND RIGHT

IV. NEW PATTERNS OF LEADERSHIP AND POLICY

A. Perspectives

B. Contrasting Types of Cities and Leadership Patterns

V. PATTERNS OF URBAN GROWTH AND DECLINE, AND ETHNIC RELATIONS

VI. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IMPACTS

EXAM AND PAPER ALTERNATIVES FOR THE COURSE

DATES FOR FALL 2000

THE COURSE PAPER

III. TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE URBAN CONTEXT:
THE END OF GOVERNMENT GROWTH, CUTS IN INTERGOVERNMENTAL GRANTS, BREAKUP OF CLASS POLITICS AND THE CLASSIC LEFT AND RIGHT