SYLLABUS

INTRODUCTION

COURSE OUTLINE AND ASSIGNMENTS

I. Leadership and Urban Development: Perspectives

Dennis Judd and Michael Parkinson, eds., Leadership and Urban Regeneration. Newbury Park: Sage, 1990. Read introductory and concluding chapters by the editors and one city chapter for fun, e.g. Liverpool.

Clarence Stone, Regime Politics. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1989, ch. 8, pp. 169-178. See this use of "regime" in practice.

Terry Nichols Clark and Lorna Crowley Ferguson, City Money, New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1983, introduction, ch. 1, 4, 8. Cities differ in systematic ways that we can capture with attention to leaders and their rules of the game.

Daniel J. Elazar, "The American Cultural Matrix, in J. C. Elazar and J.Zikmund, eds., The Ecology of American Political Culture. New York: Cromwell, 1975, pp. 13-42. Scan papers by others, esp. Patterson. Cultural migration streams from Europe and across the US help define distinct rules of the game in different cities today.

Paul E. Peterson, City Limits, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981, ch. 3, pp. 41-65. Competition for scarce development funds limits cities in their policy options.

II. How Study Political Leadership? The Community Power Tradition

Max Weber, "Class, Status, and Power" in Willis Hawley and Frederick M. Wirt, eds., The Search for Community Power, second edition, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1974, pp. 11-25. Just to review if you know this already.

Robert S. and Helen M. Lynd, " Middletown's X Family" in Hawley and Wirt, pp. 41-51. The American radical/neo-Marxist roots of community power in the 1930s.

Floyd Hunter, "Community Power Structure," in Hawley and Wirt, pp. 52-65. The classic business dominance view, with a new method in the 1950s.

Wallace Sayre and Herbert Kaufman, "Governing New York City," in Hawley and Wirt, pp. 79-86. Dispersed influence - contrast with Caro's Great Man interpretation below.

Robert A. Dahl, Who Governs? New Haven: Yale Univ., 1961, chs. 1, 8, 9,10, 19, 24, 27, 28. The most influential single work in this tradition.

Edward C. Banfield, Political Influence, New York: Free Press, 1961, PP. 15-29, 159-262. The classic on Chicago politics and decision-making. How the first Mayor Daley did it all (or knew how to avoid problems.)

Rowan Miranda, "Containing Cleavages: Parties and Other Hierarchies," in Terry Nichols Clark, ed., Urban Innovation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1994, pp. 79-104. This tests the Chicago argument of Banfield and others about a strong party suppressing spending using a national sample of US cities.

Terry Nichols Clark, ed., Community Structure and Decision-Making. San Francisco and Chicago: Chandler/SRA, 1968, pp. 15-23, 45-81, 91-126. This book shifted the focus of community power work from case studies to comparative analyses, thereby transcending the elitist-pluralist debate of Hunter and Dahl.

III. Transformations in the Urban Context: the End of Growth, Cuts in Intergovernmental Grants, Breakup of Class Politics and the Classic Left and Right

Aaron Wildavsky, Budgeting: A Comparative Theory of Budgetary Processes.New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1986, ch. 6, 182-218. While incrementalism and good government by city managers served well in some cities through the early 60s, they fell in the wake of taxpayer's revolts, grant cuts, inflation, and a new set of rules of the game.

Clark and Ferguson, City Money, chs. 5-7. Shows the of black power, then militant unions and other social movements in the early 70s, then the taxpayer's revolt and grant cuts in the late 70s. How each left distinct impacts on city leadership and policies. And how historical periods can be quantitatively demarcated.

Rufus P. Browning, Dale Rogers Marshall, David H. Tabb, Protest is Not Enough. Berkeley: Univ of California Press, 1984, pp. 37-43. Shows the fall of Bay Area city manager "non-partisanship" as blacks and Hispanics mobilized with major impacts.

Bowles, Samuel, and Gintis, Herbert. Democracy and Capitalism. 2nd ed. New York: Basic Books, 1987, pp. A quasi-philosophy of new social movements.

IV. New Patterns of Leadership and Policy

Perspectives
Terry Nichols Clark, ed., Urban Innovation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1994, pp. 1-78; 105-145. Identifies a New Political Cutlure emerging in some cities, and contrasts it with class and race/ethnic politics.

Aaron Wildavsky, "A Cultural Theory of Leadership," in Bryan Jones, ed., Leadership and Politics. Lawrence, Kansas: The University Press of Kansas, 1989, ch. 5, pp. 87-113. Placing leadership in a cultural context.

Paul Schumaker, Critical Pluralism, Democratic Performance, and Community Power. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1991, pp. 50-55, 60-67, 141-145. Two critical findings: 1. citizens support development, 2. support for development is a quite separate dimension from more common "liberal-conservative" issues.

Contrasting Types of Cities and Leadership Patterns
Steven Elkin, City and Regime in the American Republic.Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987, ch 4, pp. 61-82, on change in Dallas, business, and reform government.

Todd Swanstrom, The Crisis of Growth Politics. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1985, Ch. 10, pp. 225-252, 294-296. Cleveland: Mayors Kucinich and Voinovich, countering traditional growth strategies.

Alton Miller, Harold Washington. Chicago: Bonus Books, 1989, pp. 98-100, 111-130. On reform and Council Wars in Chicago.

Harold Washington, "State of the City Address: After Two Years, " Terry Nichols Clark, ed., Research in Urban Policy. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1986, Vol. 2, Part B, pp. 171-176. In his own words: reform, ending patronage, ethnic diversity, and "fairness".

Barbara Ferman and William Grimshaw, "The Politics of Housing Policy," in Kenneth K. Wong and Terry Nichols Clark, eds., Politics of Policy Innovation in Chicago, Research in Urban Policy, Vol. 4, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, pp. 103-128.

Jonathan Silverstein, "Back to the Future: The Economic Development Strategies of Richard J. Daley, Harold Washington, and Richard M.Daley, " Univ. of Chicago, draft MS, 7 pp.

Robert Caro, The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York.New York: Alfred Knopf, 1974, pp. 926-928. A loose and colorful study that makes a strong argument. We will review some evidence to see how convincing it is.

Donald Rosdil, "The Context of Radical Populism in US Cities," Journal of Urban Affairs, Vol. 13, 1991, pp. 77-96. How a handful of radical or "progressive" mayors differ from the rest.

V. Economic Development Impacts

Gary P. Green and Arnold Fleischman, "Promoting Economic Development,"Urban Affairs Quarterly, Vol 27, No. 1, Sept. 1991, pp. 145-154.

Edward G. Goetz, "Type II Policy and Mandated Benefits in Economic Development," Urban Affairs Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 2, Oct 1990, pp. 170-190.

Richard Feiock, "The Effects of Economic Development Policy on Local Economic Growth," American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 35, No. 3, August 1991, pp. 643-655.
Note: we have the three surveys on PC diskette used by Green and Fleischman, Goetz and Feiock for students to analyze.

Gerald D. Suttles, The Man-Made City. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1990, pp 122-133. Chicago: city of big projects.

Anthony M. Orum, Power, Money & the People. Austin: Texas Monthly Press, 1987. pp. 312-315, 338-341. A wild west development boom in the 1980s in Austin, Texas: note the two distinct sources.

The Course Paper
Two Options are available. For both we suggest preparing a one page outline for reactions by the instructors before you undertake the bulk of the work on the paper.

Option 1 - Broad Topic Possible. The paper should in some way build on the material in the course, but in Option 1, we are relatively broad and tolerant in topic selection. Papers may be as different as analyzingaa single concept in depth (like urban amenities and how they impact development), contrasting two cities concerning how their leaderships operate, or assessing how the course readings help address a particular issue of concern to you, like urban development in Japan.

Option 2 - More Focused Paper. One key lesson of this course is to consider social context--an important lesson for both social science and general education. Many generalizations are sometimes correct, e.g. for one city: businessmen comprise a coherent power elite, blacks support radical politics, class conflict has disappeared, etc. To support or oppose such generalization, debaters typically look for dramatic supporting cases and ignore exceptions. By contrast, social science is in principle committed to generalized explanations, which implies the necessity of linking single cases to more general patterns.

To achieve these goals in this course, we include readings from case studies of single cities, comparative studies of many cities, and studies that join the two. Your paper should join the two. How?

You should choose some phenomenon, topic, or policy area that can be studied (1) in Chicago and (2) using some of the national (or occasionally international) urban data that we have available for use on individual PCs or the U of C minis or mainframe systems. For example, what is the role of the press in affecting urban development decisions? This can be studied through reviewing past work on Chicago (esp. books on this reading list) to form your own analytical perspective and to see what they say about the press, reading some newspapers to see what evidence they may provide about their role in some decisions, interviews with some thoughtful informants, plus any other creative method you can think of. Then you can analyze the impact of the press on economic development decisions using one or more of the comparative urban data sets we have available as SPSS.SYS files, including:

1. Fiscal Austerity and Urban Innovation Project files. Questionnaire similar to that at the end of Clark and Ferguson, City Money (the actual questionnaires are published in Susan Clarke, ed., Urban Innovation and Autonomy. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1990). Key variables are on files Core40.sys, Core50.sys, and Mayor4.sys for US data. Pooled international data are summarized in The International Mayor.
2. ICMA 1984 Economic Development survey, analyzed in Green and Fleischman UAQ paper
3. Goetz urban development survey, with focus on "linked development"- see his UAQ paper and anti-growth movements
4. California League of Cities survey of growth management and controls. Probably to use as adjunct to other national surveys as this is just California, but Cal is great place to survey growth control.
5. Feiock economic development survey - in his paper above - but probably this is less appropriate for most purposes than the others.
6. Schumaker survey of new social movements and other pressures on local government agencies
7. General Social Survey of US citizens on wide range of issues
8. World Values Survey of citizens in some 20 countries

You can work individually or with other students on either the Chicago portion or the national/international analysis, in conducting your field work and data analysis, as well as in writing the paper. But if you write together, be very explicit about the role of each in the overall project. It is probably easier for this reason to work together closely if you so choose, but to write separate course papers.

The Friday sessions will be devoted to more detailed consideration of research for the paper, and if there is enough interest, include sessions on basics with computers, including Excel and SPSS. No prior knowledge of computers or these programs is required as a course prerequisite, but if you have no experience to date, working with other students who have more experience should help.

For students interested in pursuing a paper for more than one quarter (such as a BA or MA paper), the Workshop in Urban Policy will be offered next quarter exclusively to assist students complete research papers.

More specifics about the paper apply to students registering for the Research Project in Sociology and Public Policy.

In past years, some students have chosen to prepare a major paper (BA, MA, etc.) starting with the this course. To facilitate such work, if you like you may register for both Urban Policy Analysis and a Reading and Research course and/or the Research Project in Sociology andPublic Policy, in the Fall or Winter Quarter.

Exam and Paper Alternatives for the Course

To provide more flexibility to students, four alternatives are open. You can: 1) only write a paper; 2) do the paper and midterm; 3) paper and final or 4) do the paper, midterm and final 5) only midterm and final (no paper). Each option uses a different set of wights for the final grade, as shown. You will learn most if you choose option 4, which is recommended but not required for all. Option 1 is open only to graduate students or undergraduates upon special petition (prepare a short note). Submit a petition in writing to TN Clark for his signature if you propose an alternative.

Other grade options: A for audit or R for registration credit only (no requirements), or P for Pass, for which you must complete at least two exams or a paper, or all three. It is acceptable to give the instructors a note indicating that you would like us to record a letter grade,for instance, of B- or better, or a P if the letter grade would be below B-.

Lecture/discussion sessions will be held Monday and Wednesday. Friday is a Review/Research and paper preparation session. The class discussion grade includes the Friday sessions.