Awaking
a Sleeping Beauty:
52 Years
of Israeli Constitutional Revolution
Shulamit Almog & Ariel L. Bendor
Since its
establishment in 1948, the prevailing Israeli master-narrative was
that Israel does not have a Corintitution. This narrative produced a dominant
paradigm, which had crucial influence on the interpretation given to the
country's "founding documents." The lack of constitution narrative has
gained, by means of diffusing impact, a strong hold in the Israeli political
and legal discourse.
This master-narrative has been under a process of change during the last decade. The Israeli Basic Laws, which the Knesset (the Israeli House of Representatives) started enacting in 1958 were considered for many years as regular statutes Now, the Basic Laws, and especially the Basic Laws on civil liberties, that were enacted in the beginning of the nineties, are interpreted and applied by the courts as chapters of a constitution, and are used as a base for judicial review, Many, and among them the lsraeli Chief Justice, go further and say that Israel does have a formal constitution, and that constitution is the Basic. Laws.
The uniqueness of this current "constitutional revolution" is that it isn't rhetorically connected to a contemporary revolutionary event. Rather, it is based upon re-reading of old documents, that were created during the revolutionary event that took place more then fifty years ago - the establishment the State of Israel. Those opposing the "constitutional revolution" perceive it as endowing Israel with a Constitution by means of court judgment. The claim is that the Supreme Court has invented a fictitious revolution, in order to gain more influence and build legitimization for its judicial review power. In order to do this, the court has clang aritificially and cynically to incidental acts, that were not meant by their creators to be used in this way.
In this presentation we will argue that the Israeli original constitutional revolution took place not recently but 52 years ago, when the state of Israel was established. The initiators of that revolution were not.judges nor jurists, but rather the Founders of the new State. The perception of the constitution as present in Israel from its first days is a true understanding of Israel's founding documents. This perception is consistent with both Israeli and international politics that can be traced in the relevant background.
Indeed,
the constitutionil revolution that took place
when
Israel was established stayed latent for many
years, and was awakened, even revived.
only in recent years, during a transformation-process that was speeded
by the enactment of the Basic La s on civil liberties. 'This is an extraordinary
historical phenomenon: the mere existence
or a constitution is based upon a change of understanding documents that
were crcatcd many years ago. Nevertheless, it is not a new constitutional
rcvolution, but rathcr an acknowledgment of the revolution
that
took placc 52 years ago.