Information on the course for session 2005-2006

 

This course handout tells you about the organisation of the course.  It should be used in conjunction with the Department’s Guidelines for Students for the appropriate level.  Please read both carefully and keep both for reference throughout the half-session.

 

CONTENTS

1          Lecture and Seminar Schedule                           page 2

2          Introduction to the course                                   page 3

3          Aims and learning outcomes                               page 3

4          Teaching and learning methods                           page 3

5          Assessment                                                      page 4

6          Plagiarism                                                         page 4

7          The role of the course co-ordinator                     page 5

8          Responsibility for the course                               page 5

9          Bibliography                                                      page 5

10        Essay Guidelines, Extensions & Penalties            page 15

11        Student Feedback and Comment                                    page 17

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

History Home Page

http://www.abdn.ac.uk/history/

Classes meet for the lecture on Thursdays between 12 and 1 pm  in  , and on Mondays between  11 and 1 pm for the seminar. The material presented in the lecture will be discussed during the following seminar session.

 L= Lecture; S= Seminar

 

Week 1          

S -  Registration and introductory discussion – assigments of presentations

L –  Age of Reform and Reformation

 

Week 2

S –  Empire, Church and Reformers

L -  War and Peace: 1525-1555

 

Week 3

S –  From the Peasants' War to the Peace of Augsburg

L – Urban life in 16^th century Germany

 

Week 4

S –  Reformation in the Cities  

L – The Second Reformation

 

Week 5

S – The Confessional Age, 1580-1620

L -  The Thirty Years War

 

Week 6

S -  Germany's European  War?

L -  Countryfolk and the Agrarian Economy

 

Week 7

S – Lord and Peasant in an Age of Unrest

L - Poverty, Crime and Punishment

 

Week 8

 

S - Witches, Wisewomen and Prostitutes     

L – Territorialisation and the Ständestaat                 

 

Week 9

S – Princes and Parliaments

L – The Case of Brandenburg-Prussia

 

Week 10

S – Case Studies

L – The German Enlightenment

 

Week 11

S – Philosophers and Courts

L – The Impact of the French Revolution

 

Week 12

S –  Beyond Enlightenment: The Reichs Reform Movement

L – An Empire falls apart

 

 

 

 

 

Composed of hundreds of principalities, cities, bishoprics and other territories, the ‘Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation’ – as Germany was then called - seemed an incoherent patchwork, yet it functioned as a political entity for centuries. This course studies the great diversity of German history at a time of profound transformation, from the onset of the Reformation to the destruction of the Empire by Napoleon in the early years of the nineteenth century. We will look at religious conflict and social rebellion, the impact of war on society, the important role of German cities, the relationship between Empire and territorial states, Baroque culture, the impact of the early Enlightenment, the changing idea of Empire and the development of early national identity. As for much of this time the Empire was a battlefield for the diverse interests of European dynasties in the ‘heart of Europe’, we will explore the relationship between Germany and its neighbours. The question we have to ask is not ‘why did the Holy Roman Empire fail?’, but ‘why and how did it survive for such a long period’?

 

 

Aims:

 

·         to promote scholarly investigation and deepen students’ understanding of early-modern Germany

·         to facilitate the development of judgement and good practice by students, who will select and pursue research themes centred on their individual interests as these emerge during the course

·         to introduce students to unfamiliar types of sources and to to incorporate the study of primary sources as a vital tool in the cultivation of critical, analytical abilities

·         to emphasise the development of presentational and debating skills, the giving and receiving of academic criticism, the evaluation of disparate analyses amd the testing of the students' arguments through active student participation in seminars

·         to provide opportunities for teamwork in seminars and in group presentations

·         to cultivate general skills in time-management, self-learning and initiative through the allocation of assignments

·         to encourage the use of information technology for bibliographical searches

 

Learning Outcomes

By the end of the course, students should be able:

·         to identify and outline key factors relating to the development of early modern Germany between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries

·         to relate the development of early modern German society, government, culture and religion to the long-term success or failure of the Holy Roman Empire

·         to identify, analyse and synthesise primary and secondary sources, and to compare and evaluate disparate and conflicting sources and arguments.

·         to understand that some views and attitudes are specific to certain times and places

·         to provide and receive academic criticism in a constructive fashion

·         to research, construct and present essays based on relevant written, visual, on-line and electronic sources

·         to budget time and effort effectively

·         to develop skills relating to word processing, data (including bibliographic) production, presentation and analysis and the use of the internet

·         to develop and refine skills of verbal expression, organisation and team-work through seminars and group presentations

 

 

Lectures are held once a week, on   in    .

 

Seminars are held once a week, on from in. The seminars will build on themes introduced in the lectures and will be student-led, featuring presentations followed by questions, general discussions and analysis of primary source materials. The course co-ordinator will serve as moderator and facilitator in these discussions.

 

Written work

·       Book review (800-1000  words) due by 4.00 p.m. on

·       Essay (3000-3500 words) due by 4.00 p.m. on

It is expected that written work will be submitted in word-processed format. Students must consult with the course co-ordinator in choosing a book for review and deciding on an essay topic. The essay must be accompanied by a bibliography and foot- or endnotes conforming to established academic conventions (see below).

 

Essays will be returned with a mark taken from the Common Assessment Scale with written comments. All students will be given an opportunity to discuss their essay, techniques of essay writing, and other aspects of the course with the course co-ordinator. See Departmental Guidelines (and below) for information on extensions and the late submission of work.

 

The degree examination will be held in May/June 2006. The purpose of the examination is to test your ability to synthesise material covered in the course. The general format of the examination will be discussed in advance, to assist you in preparation for it.

 

Oral presentations

Students will be expected to deliver one seminar presentation either individually or as part of a group.

 

Further reading

This is an essential part of any course in history and will deepen your understanding and enjoyment of the period and the discipline of history. The bibliography (below) provides points of departure for further reading on the topics covered in the course. The footnotes and bibliographies of these books and articles are two sources of further reading; the search-features of the library catalogue, browsing the open shelves, and consulting the course co-ordinator are other ways forward. A major outcome of a university education should be an ability to find information on any topic within your field. You are encouraged to show initiative in developing this ability.

 

Photocopied material

A modest charge will be levied by the Department to help defray the cost of photocopied material.  This charge is a one-off charge for the year and is not levied per course as at sub-honours. The money is paid to the Level 3 convenor (Dr Macdonald). Charges are: Single Honours students, £12; Joints Honours students, £6; others, £3.

 

 

Assessment is based on one essay (3500-4000 words) (30%), the oral presentation (10%)  and the end-of-course examination (60%). The examination will last for three hours and students must answer three out of twelve questions. Assessment will be according to the University’s Common Assessment Scale (CAS).

 

Students are advised that the listed weightings for different components of assessment within a course are contingent upon a minimum CAS mark of six (6) being achieved on all assessed work. Where a student has not achieved a CAS mark of at least six (6) on any one component of assessment, s/he will not receive a pass mark for the course.

 

A student who fails to pass solely on the basis of having failed to achieve the threshold mark of six (6) on all individual pieces of assessed work will be awarded a final course mark of eight (8).

 

 

The definition of Plagiarism is the use, without adequate acknowledgement, of the intellectual work of another person in work submitted for assessment.  A student cannot be found to have committed plagiarism where it can be shown that the student has taken all reasonable care to avoid representing the work of others as his own.

 

All cases of suspected plagiarism will be reported to the University Investigating Officer.

 

 

 

The co-ordinator for this course is Karin Friedrich. Her role is not simply to teach but to advise and help.  Students who are having difficulty with their work for whatever reason, or who require help or information should consult her without delay.  Her office is indicated in the Student Guidelines and times when she is available for consultation are posted on her office door and the course website (accessible via the departmental website listed on the cover of this handout). Alternatively, messages for her can be left in the Departmental Office (Crombie Annexe, ground floor).

 

 

Overall responsibility for the course lies with Dr Karin Friedrich (Room 207; tel: 01224 272451; email: k.friedrich@abdn.ac.uk). Any recommendations, observations or complaints about the running of the course should be addressed to her, either directly or by way of your class representatives.

 

 

The bibliography printed below is serves as a tool for further individual investigation, either through footnotes and bibliographies in the listed books, or additional reference works and internet sites, e-books and e-journals. Tow important sources (esp. for the history of ideas and culture) are  the following websites which list early modern  works written in English (or translated into English):

1. http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/18th/history.html

2. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook.html

3. Eurodocs: http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/eurodocs/germ/1648.html

4. A bibliography of works on the early period (15-16^th c.): http://www.dur.ac.uk/l.e.scales/gotexbib.htm

5. Sources on military matters can be found at  http://www.deremilitari.org/

6. For the Lutheran Reformation see http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/wittenberg/wittenberg-home.html

7. The following source base is still under construction:

 http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/section.cfm?section_id=8

8. For information on new publications, reviews, debates etc. see http://www.h-net.org/~german/

9. The Luther Memorial Foundation: http://www.martinluther.de/cgi-bin/vm/luther

10. E-sources on the Reformation: http://history.hanover.edu/early/prot.html

and http://www.educ.msu.edu/homepages/laurence/reformation/index.htm

11. A selection of links on 1500-1648:  http://www.phil.uni-erlangen.de/~p1ges/fnz/reformation.html

12. http://www.phil.uni-erlangen.de/~p1ges/heidelberg/gh/gh.html

 

 

General works

 

On Europe:

 

Thomas Munck, Seventeenth-Century Europe (1993)

T. C. W. Blanning, The Culture of Power and the Power of Culture - Old Regime Europe 1660-1789  (OUP, 2003)

Tony Upton, Europe 1600-1789 (2001)

R. Oresko, G. Gibbs (eds.), Royal and Republican Sovereignty in Early Modern Europe (1997)

M. Raeff, The Well-Ordered Police State: Social and Institutional Change through Law in the Germanies and Russia, 1600-1800 (1983)

M. Greengrass (ed.), Conquest and Coalescence: the shaping of the state in early modern Europe  (1991)

James D. Tracy, Europe's Reformations 1450-1650 (1999)

 

 

Sources:

C.A. Macartney, The Habsburg and Hohenzollern Dynasties (1970)

S. Pufendorf,     On the Duty of man and Citizen (1673) Engl. transl. (Cambridge 1991)

The Fugger News-Letters. Being a Selection of unpublished letters from the Correspondants of the House of Fugger during the years 1568-1605. Ed. by V. cvon Klarwill, transl. Pauline de Chary, foreword by H.G. Selfridge vol 1 (London 1925, repr. 1925), vol. 2  transl. by L.S.R. Byrne (1926)

 

 

On Germany:

 

Peter Wilson, The Holy Roman Empire 1495-1806 (1999)

Peter Wilson, From Reich to Revolution: German history, 1558-1806 (2004),

Robert Sribner, S. Ogilvie (eds.), Germany: A new Social and Economic History vol. I: 1450-1630 (1996), vol II: 1630-1800 (1998)

S. Ozment, A Mighty Fortress: A New History of the German People (2005)

John Gagliardo, Germany under the Old Regime 1600-1790 (1991)

M. Hughes, Early Modern Germany, 1477-1806 (1992)

P. S. Fichtner, The Habsburg Monarchy 1490-1848 (2003)

Charles Ingrao (ed), State and Society in Early Modern Austria (1994), collection of essays by several authors

Rudolf Vierhaus, Germany in the Age of Absolutism (1988)

Robert J.W. Evans, The Making of the Habsburg Monarchy 1550-1700 (1979)

F.L. Carsten, Princes and Parliaments in Germany from the 15^th to the 18^th century (1959)

J.A. Vann, and S.W. Rowan, The Old Reich: Essays on German Political Institutions 1495-1806 (1974)

G. Benecke, Society and Politics in Germany 1500-1750 (1974)*

H. Gross, ‘The Holy Roman Empire in modern times: constitutional reality and legal theory’ in Vann, J.A. & Rowan, S.W. (eds.) The Old Reich (1974)

G.D. Ramsey, ‘The Austrian Habsburgs and the Empire’ New Cambridge Modern History III ch. 10.

G.D. Ramsey, ‘The state of Germany (to 1618)’ New Cambridge Modern History IV (1970)

Robert W. Scribner, Religion and Culture in Germany 1400-1800, ed. L. Roper (2001)

 

Week 1          

S -  Registration and introductory discussion – assigments of presentations

L –  Age of Reform and Reformation

 

A. Pettegree (ed.), The Early Reformation in Europe (1992)

A. Pettegree (ed.), The Reformation World (2000) [NetLibrary] [recommended for general reference]

R. Po-Chia Hsia (ed.), The German People and the Reformation (1988)

R. Po-Chia Hsia , A Companion to the Reformation World (2003)

R.W. Scribner and Scott Dixon, The German Reformation (1986)

E.I. Kouri, Tom Scott (eds), Politics and Religion in Reformation Europe (1987), esp. I, II,2,3,8

 

Historiographical Debate:

R. Poertner, 'A.G. Dickens and the continental Reformation', Historical Research 77 (195) (Feb 2004), 59-78.

 

 

Sources on the Reformation:

M. G. Baylor (ed.), The Radical Reformation (1991)

W. A. Coupe (ed.), German Political Satires, vols. 1-2 (1985)

M. Geisberg; W. L. Strauss (ed.), The German Single-Leaf Woodcut 1550-1600: a Pictorial Catalogue (4 vols, 1974-5)

P. Johnston; R. W. Scribner (eds), The Reformation in Germany and Switzerland (1993)

S. Karant-Nunn; Merry Wiesner-Hanks (eds), Luther on Women: A Sourcebook (2003)

W. Klaassen (ed.), Anabaptism in Outline. Selected Primary Sources (1981)

C. Lindberg (ed.), European Reformations Sourcebook (1999)

M. Luther, Works (American edn)

"    , Selections from his Writings, ed. J. Dillenberger (1961)

"    , Three Treatises (1970)

J. C. Olin (ed.), Christian Humanism and the Reformation (1987) [works by Erasmus] [NetLibrary]

U. Rummel (ed.), Five Reformation Satires (1993) [NetLibrary]

T. Scott; R. W. Scribner (eds.), The German Peasants' War: a History in Documents (1991)

G. Strauss (ed.), Manifestations of Discontent in Germany on the Eve of the Reformation (1971)

E. Vandiver et al. (eds), Luther's Lives: Two Contemporary Accounts of Martin Luther (2002)

G. Strauss (ed.), Manifestations (esp. 'Reformatio Sigismundi')

Images: view images uploaded on WebCT for this course

Sources:

Luther and Calvin on Secular Authority, ed. Harro Höpfl (1991), by Luther, pp. 3-43, (see also introduction and glossary for help)

 

Week 2

S –  Church and Reformers

 

Reformers and Church:

Heiko A. Oberman, Luther. Man Between God and the Devil (Yale 1989)

G. Strauss (ed.), Manifestations of Discontent in Germany on the Eve of the Reformation (1971)

M. Wiesner-Hanks (ed.), Convents confront the Reformation: Catholic and Protestant Nuns in Germany (1996)

R.W. Scribner et al. (eds), The Reformation in National Context (1994)

Thomas A. Brady, Jr. The Politics of the Reformation in Germany: Jacob Sturm (1489-1553) of Strasbourg. (1997)

Tom Brady, Communities, Politics and Refomation in Early Modern Europe (1998)

Ulinka Rublack, Reformation Europe (2005), pp. 12-65

Bruce Gordon, The Swiss Reformation (2002)

Heiko A.Oberman, 'Luther and the Via Moderna: The Philosophical Backdrop of the Reformation Breakthrough', The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, Volume 54, Issue 04 (October 2003) , pp 641-670

G. Benecke, Maximilian I (1982)

A. G. Dickens, The German Nation and Martin Luther (1974)

W. Eberhard, 'Bohemia, Moravia and Austria', in A. Pettegree, The Early Reformation in Europe (1992), pp. 23-48, also Bruce Gordon on Switzerland pp. 70-93.

Steven Ozment, Protestants: The Birth of a Revolution (1992)

Quentin Skinner, 'Absolutism and the Lutheran Reformation', in his The Foundations of Modern Political Thought. Vol 2: The Reformation (1978), pp. 3-108.

B.M.G. Reardon, Religious Thought in the Reformation (1981), on Luther pp. 47-90, on Zwingli pp. 91-117, on Melanchthon, 118-146

Scott Dixon (ed.), The German Reformation (1999), esp. chapters 3,4,5.

Gerhard Ebeling, Luther. An introduction to his thought (1964)

S. Dixon and L. Schorn-Schütte (eds), The Protestant Clergy of Early Modern Europe  (2003), esp. 1,2,3, 4, 6.

M. Greengrass, The Longman Companion to the European Reformation (1998)

 

 

L -  Empire 1517-1555

 

Empire:

P. Wilson, From Reich to Revolution, chapter 2.

Paula S. Fichtner, The Habsburg Monarchy, chapter one.

V. Press, ‘The Holy Roman Empire in German History’ in Kouri, E.I. & Scott, T. (eds.) Politics and Society in Reformation Europe (1987) A handy brief overview.

V. Press, ‘The system of Estates in the Austrian hereditary lands and in the Holy Roman Empire: a comparison’ in Evans and Thomas, Crown, Church and Estates ,

C.-P. Clasen, ‘The Empire before 1618’ in Trevor-Roper, H.R. (ed.) The Age of Expansion (1968)

William Maltby, The Reign of Charles V (2002)

T. A. Brady, ‘Political Structures’, in his: Protestant Politics. Jacob Sturm and the German Reformation (1995), 8-12

T. F. Sea, ‘The Swabian League and government in the Holy Roman Empire of the early sixteenth century’, in: J. G. Rowe (ed.), Aspects of Late Medieval Government and Society (1987)

Lorna J. Abray, The People's Reformation. Magistrates, Clergy and Commons in Strasbourg 1500-1598 (1985)

Len Scales, 'Late medieval Germany: an under-Stated nation?', Power and the Nation  in European History, ed. Len Sclaes and O. Zimmer (2005), pp. 166-191.

R.J.W. Evans, The Making of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1550-1700 (1979), pp. 3-40

Alfred Kohler, Ferdinand I. 1503-1564. Fürst, König und Kaiser (2003)

Paula S. Fichtner, Emperor Maximilian II (Yale 2001)

 

Sources:

 

'The Statement of Grievances  Presented to the Diet of Worms 1521'in G. Strauss, Manifestations of Discontent, pp. 52-63

Sebastian Brant's text in G. Strauss, Manifestations of Discontent, pp. 223-233.

 

 

Week 3

S –  From the Peasants' War to the Peace of Augsburg

 

R. Wunderli, Peasant Fires: The Drummer of Niklashausen (1992)

P. Blickle, ‘Peasant revolts in the German empire in the late Middle Ages’, in: Social History 4 (1979)

P. Blickle , The Revolution of 1525 (1981), 29-57

Tom Scott, Freiburg and the Breisgau. Town-Country Relations in the Age of Reformation and Peasants’ War (Oxford U.P. 1986)

Bennecke, Society and Politics in Germany, 1500-1750 (1974)

Thomas A. Brady, The Politics of the Reformation in Germany: Jacob Sturm (1489-1553) of Strasbourg. (1997)

Thomas A. Brady, Communities, Politics and Refomation in Early Modern Europe (1998)

R. McEntegard, Henry VIII, the League of Schmalkalden and the English Reformation (2002)

G. Haug-Moritz, Der Schmalkaldische Bund 1530-1541/2 (2002)

H. Zmora, State and Nobility in Early Modern Germany: the Knightly Feud in Franconia 1440-1567 (1998)

Friedrich Engels: The Peasant War in Germany [1870] (3^rd ed. 2000)

 

Sources:

 

'Articles of the Peasants of 1525' and 'Complaints of the Knights of Franconia 1522', in G. Strauss, Manifestations of Discontent, pp. 153-165, 179-191.

T. Scott; R. W. Scribner (eds.), The German Peasants' War: a History in Documents (1991)

 

 

L – Urban life in 16^th century Germany

 

P. Buck, S. Ozment, The Reformation in the Cities (1975)

Bernd Moeller, Imperial Cities and the Reformation. Three Essays, transl.H.C. E. Midelfort and M. U. Edwards jr (1972)

R. Po-Chia Hsia,.(ed.), The German People and the Reformation (Cornell U.P., 1988), see  Schilling’s article on Lippe!

M.U. Chrisman,            Strasbourg and the Reform (1967)

R. Po-Chia Hsia,  Society and Religion in Münster, 1535-1618 (1984)

C. Friedrichs, Urban Society in an Age of War: Nördlingen 1580-1720 (1979)

H.-C. Rublack, “Political and Social Norms in Urban Communities in the Holy Roman Empire”, in Religion, Politics and SocialProtest: Three Studies on Early Modern Germany, ed.Kaspar von Greyerz (1984)

H. Schilling, H., ‘The Reformation in the Hanseatic Cities’, Sixteenth Century Journal 14 (1983)

S. Dixon, S., ‘The German Reformation and the Territorial City: Reform Initiatives in Schwabach, 1523-1527’, German History 14 (1996), no. 2, pp. 123-140.

J. Beyer, ‘A Lübeck prophet in local and Lutheran context’, in ibid., pp. 166-182.

K.v. Greyerz,  The late city Reformation in Germany: the case of Colmar, 1522-1628 (1980)

G. Strauss, ‘Protestant dogma and city govenment: the case of Nuremberg’, Past and Present 36 (1967)

T. Brady, Ruling Class, Regime, and Reformation in Strasbourg 1520-1555 (1978)

Anthony Black, Guilds and Civil Society in European Political Thought from  the Twelfth Century to the Present (1984)

Mack Walker, German Home Towns: Community, State and General Estate, 1648-1871 (1971) early chapters

Christopher Friedrichs, 'Urban Politics and Urban Social Structures in Seventeenth-Century Germany', European History Quarterly 22 (1992), pp. 187-216.

Thomas A. Brady, 'Patricians, Nobles, Merchants: Internal Tension and Solidarities in South German Urban Ruling Classes at the Close of  the Middle Ages', in Chrisman and Gründler, eds., Social Groups and Religious Ideas in the 16th Century (1978), 38-45, 159-164.

Joachim Whaley, Religious Toleration and Social Change in Hamburg, 1529-1819 (1985) early chapters

Anja Johann, Kontrolle mit Konsens. Sozialdisziplinierung in der Reichsstadt Frankfurt am Main im 16. Jahrhundert (2001)

Heinz Schilling, 'Calvinist and Catholic Cities. Urban architecture and ritual in confessional Europe', European Review 12:3 (2004), 293-312.

 

Urban Rebellion:

C. Friedrichs, ‘German Town Revolts and the Seventeenth Century Crisis’, Renaissance and Modern Studies 26 (1982), 27-51.

C. Friedrichs, 'Urban Conflicts and the Imperial Constitution in C17-Century Germany', Journal of Modern History suppl. 1986, S98-S123.

G. Soliday, A Community in Conflict: Frankfurt Society in the 17^th and  early 18^th century (1974)

H. Schilling, 'The European Crisis of the 1590s: the situation in German towns’, in: P. Clark, ed., The European Crisis of the 1590s (1985), 135 ff.

 

Week 4

S –  Reformation of the Common People 

 

David W. Sabean, Power in the Blood. Popular Culture and village discourse in early modern Germany (1984), ch. 1.

R. Po-Chia Hsia,.(ed.), The German People and the Reformation (Cornell U.P., 1988), see  Schilling’s article on Lippe!

R. Po-Chia Hsia, Society and Religion in Münster, 1535-1618 (New Haven: Yale U.P., 1984)

R. Po-Chia Hsia, Social Discipline in the Reformation. Central Europe 1550-1750 (1989), ch. 1,3,5,7.

A. Pettegree, (ed.), The Reformation of the Parishes: The Ministry and the Reformation in Town and Country (Manchester U.P., 1993) 

H. Schilling, Civic Calvinism in Northwestern Germany and the Netherlands: Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries (1991)

S. Karant-Nunn,  Reformation of Ritual  (Routledge 1997)      

L. Roper, L., The Holy Household. Women and Morale in Reformation Augsburg (1989)

J. Abray,  The People’s Reformation: Magistrates, Clergy and Commons in Strasbourg, 1500-1598 (1985)

P. Broadhead, P., ‘Popular pressure for reform in Augsburg, 1524-1534’, in Mommsen, W., ed., The Urban Classes, the Nobility and the Reformation

L.P. Wandel, Voracious Idols and Violent Hands: Iconoclasm in Reformation Zürich, Strasbourg and Basel (CUP, 1995)

Pia Cuneo, ‘Propriety, Property and Politics: Jörg Breu the Elder and Issues of Iconoclasm in Reformation Augsburg’, German History 14 (1996), no. 1, pp. 1-20.

C. Koslofsky, The Reformation of the Dead. Death and Ritual in Early Modern Germany, 1475-1700  (Macmillan, 1998)

R. Scribner, 'Communalism: universal category or ideological construction? History in early modern Germany and Switzerland', Historical Journal 37 (1994), 199-207.

 

 

Popular Culture

D.W. Sabean, Power in the Blood: Popular Culture and Village Discourse in Early Modern Germany (CUP 1984)

S. Dixon, The Reformation and Rural Society. The Parishes of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach, 1528-1603 (1996)

S. Dixon, 'Popular Beliefs and the Reformation in Brandenburg-Ansbach', in R. Scribner and ‘T. Johnson, Popular Religion in Germany and Central Europe 1400-1800  (1996), pp. 119-139.

G. Strauss, Protestantism and Literacy in Early Modern Germany", Past and Present 104 (1984), 31 ff.

D.M. Luebke, Pilgrimage and Popular Politics. Southern German Examples (1997)

G. Lottes, 'Popular Culture and the Early Modern State in 16th c.Germany', in: Understanding Popular Culture, ed. by S. Kaplan (Berlin, New York, Amsterdam 1984)

Pamphlets of the German Reformation. Monsters, Miracles & Martinians (2005)

B. Ann Tlusty, Bacchus and Civic Order: The Culture of Drink in Early Modern Germany (2001)

A. Pettegree, Matthew Hall 'The Reformation and the Book: a reconsideration', Historical Journal 47:4 (2004),785-808.

 

L – The Second Reformation

 

Bruce Gordon (ed.), Protestant History and Identity in 16^th century Europe, vol II The Later Reformation (1996)

H.J. Cohn, 'The Territorial Princes in Germany's Second Reformation, 1559-1622', International Calvinism, 1541-1715, ed. M. Prestwich (1985), 135-165.

Quentin Skinner, 'Calvinism and the theory of revolution', in his The Foundations of Modern Political Thought. vol. 2: The Reformation (1978), pp. 189-348

B. Nischan, Prince, People and Confession: the Second Reformation in Brandenburg (1994), pp. 34-55, 81-131, 185-260.

B. Nischan, ‘Reformed irenicism and the Leipzig Colloquy of 1631’ Central European History 9 (1976)

B. Nischan, ‘John Bergius: Irenicism and the beginning of official religious toleration in Brandenburg-Prussia’ Church History 51 (1982)

B. Nischan, ‘Calvinism, the Thirty Years War and the beginnings of Absolutism in Brandenburg: the political thought of John Bergius’ Central European History 15 (1982)

B. Nischan, Lutherans and Calvinists in the Age of Confessionalism (1999)

Bruce Gordon, The Swiss Reformation (2002)

Sources:

W. Klaassen (ed.), Anabaptism in Outline. Selected Primary Sources (1981)

 

Week 5

S – The Confessional Age, 1580-1620

 

The Reformed Church

H.J. Cohn, 'The Territorial Princes in Germany's Second Reformation, 1559-1622', International Calvinism, 1541-1715, ed. M. Prestwich (1985), 135-165.

B. Nischan, Prince, People and Confession: the Second Reformation in Brandenburg (1994), pp. 34-55, 81-131, 185-260.

Bodo Nischan, Lutherans and Calvinists in the Age of Confessionalism (1999)

B. Nischan, 'John Bergius: Irenicism and the Beginning of Official Religious Toleration in Brandenburg-Prussia', Church History 51 (1982), 389-404.

M. Müller, 'The late Reformation and Protestant confessionalisation in the major towns of Royal Prussia', in K. Maag, A. Pettegree (eds.), The Reformation in Eastern and Central Europe (1997)

Bruce Gordon (ed.), Protestant History and Identity in 16^th century Europe, vol II The Later Reformation (1996)

Howard Louthan, 'Mediating Confessions in Central Europe: The Ecumenical Activity of Valerian Magni, 1586–1661', Journal of Ecclesiastical History 55(4) (2004), pp 681-699

O. Hintze, ‘Calvinism and Raison d’État in early seventeenth-century Brandenburg’ in Gilbert, F. (ed.) The Historical Essays of Otto Hintze (1975)  

H. Hotson, Paradise Postponed: Johann Heinrich Alsted and the Birth of Calvinist Millenarianism (2000)

 

 

 

Recatholicisation

Marc R. Forster, Catholic Revival in the Age of the Baroque. Religious Identity in Southwest Germany 1550-1750 (2001)

Howard Louthan, The Quest for Compromise. Peacemakers in Counter-Refortmation Vienna (1997)

R.J.W. Evans, Rudolf II and his world 1576-1612 (2^nd ed. 1997)

Heinz Schilling, Civic Calvinism in Northwestern Germany and the Netherlands: Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries (1991)

Regina Pörtner, The Counter-Reformation in Central Europe. Styria 1580-1630 (2001)

G. Heiss, ‘Princes, Jesuits and the origins of the Counter-Reformation in the Habsburg Lands’ in Evans and Thomas, Crown, Church and Estates

R.A. Bireley, Religion and Politics in the Age of the Counter-Reformation (1981)

Quentin Skinner, 'Constitutionalism and the Counter-Reformation', in his Foundations of Modern Political Thought vol. 2: The Reformation (1978), pp. 113-184.

 

‘Confessionalisation’

Heinz Schilling, ‘Confessionalisation in the Empire: religious and societal change in Germany between 1555 and 1620’, in his Religion, Political Culture and the Emergence of Early Modern European Society (Brill, 1992)

A. Schindling, ‘Delayed confessionalization. Retarding factors and religious minorities in the territories of the Holy Roman Empire, 1555-1648’ in Ingrao, C.W. (ed.) State and Society in early modern Austria (1994)

H. Schilling, ‘Confessionalisation in Europe: causes and effects for church, state, society and culture’ Bussmann & Schilling, 1648 – War and Peace in Europe I (1998)

R.Po-Chia Hsia, Social Discipline in the Reformation: Central Europe, 1550-1750  (1989)

W. Reinhard, 'Pressures towards Confessionalization? Prolegomena to a Theory of the Confessional Age', in Scott Dixon (ed.), The German Reformation (1999), pp.169-192.

Stefan Ehrenpreis, Ute Lotz-Heumann, Reformation und konfessionelles Zeitalter (2002)

W.C. Schrader, ‘The Catholic revival in Osnabrück and Minden, 1591-1651’ Catholic Historical Review 78 (1992)

G. Heiss, ‘Princes, Jesuits and the origins of the Counter-Reformation in the Habsburg Lands’ in Evans and Thomas, Crown, Church and Estates

J. Bahlcke, ‘Calvinism and estate liberation movements in Bohemia and Hungary (1570-1620)’ in Karin Maag (ed.) The Reformation in Eastern and Central Europe (1997)

H. Hotson, ‘Irenicism in the Confessional Age: the Holy Roman Empire, 1563-1648’, in H. Louthan and R. Zachman, eds., Conciliation and Confession: Struggling for Unity in the Age of Reform (2004)

J.M. Headley, ‘“Ehe Türkisch als Bäptisch” Lutheran reflection on the problem of Empire, 1623-1628’ Central European History 20 (1987)  .

 

 

 

L -  The Thirty Years War

 

General:

Ronald Asch, The Thirty Years War (1997) The best introduction; excellent on the Holy Roman Empire

Richard Bonney, The Thirty Years War (2002)

 

 

Pre-History of the War:

Alison D. Anderson, On the Verge of War: International Relations and the Jülich-Kleve Succession Crises, 16091614  (1999)

C.A. Weeks,.‘Jacob Boehme and the Thirty Years War’ Central European History 24 (1991)

B.C. Pursell, The Winter King. Frederick V of the Palatinate and the coming of the Thirty Years War (2003)

R.A. Bireley, ‘The Thirty Years War as Germany’s religious war’ in Repgen K. (ed) Krieg und Politik 1618-1648 (1988) (xerox in QML) 

J. Arndt, ‘The Emperor and the Reich (1600-1648)’ Bussmann & Schilling, 1648 – War and Peace in Europe I (1998)

R.A. Bireley, Religion and Politics in the Age of the Counter-Reformation. Emperor Ferdinand II, William Lamormaini, S.J. and the Formation of Imperial Policy (1981) essential

M.P. Gutmann, ‘The origins of the Thirty Years War’ Journal of Interdisciplinary History 18, no. 4 (1988)

N.M. Sutherland, ‘The origins of the Thirty Years War and the structure of European politics’ English Historical Review 107 (1992)

P. Brightwell, ‘Spain and Bohemia: the decision to intervene, 1619’ European Studies Review 12 (1982)

 

Impact of War:

John Theibault, German Villages in Crisis. Rural life in Hesse-Kassel and the Thirty Years War (1995) Chapter 5.

John Theibault, 'The Rhetoric of Death and Destruction in the Thirty Years War', Journal of Social History 27 (1994), 271-290.

John Theibault, ‘Jeremiah in the village: prophecy, pamphlets and penance in the Thirty Years War’, Central European History 27 (1994)

R. Asch, ‘"Wo der soldat hinkömbt, da ist alles sein": military violence and atrocities in the Thirty Years War re-examined’ German History 18 (2000)

David Sabean, 'A prophet in the Thirty Years War: Penance as a social metaphor', in Power in the Blood (1984)

G. Nichols, G.,   'The economic impact of the Thirty Years War in Habsburg Austria', East European Quarterly 23 (1989), 257-268.

John Theibault, 'The Demography of the Thirty Years' War Re-visited: Günther Franz and his Critics', German History 15 (1997), pp.1-21.

G. Mortimer, ‘Individual experience and perception of the Thirty Years War in eyewitness personal accounts’ German History 20 (2002)

H. Medick, ‘Historical event and contemporary experience: the capture and destruction of Magdeburg in 1631’ History Workshop Journal 52 (2001)

C. Gantet, ‘Peace celebrations concerning the Peace of Westphalia in southern German cities and the recollection of the Thirty Years War (168-1791’ Bussmann & Schilling,  1648 – War and Peace in Europe II (1998)

Klaus Garber, ‘The origins of German national literature at the beginning of the Thirty Years War’ Bussmann & Schilling, 1648 – War and Peace in Europe II (1998)

Kenneth Marcus, ‘Music patronage of the Württemberg Hofkapelle 1500-1650’ German History 13 (1995)

 

 

The War as a Religious War:

K. Repgen, ‘What is a ‘Religious War’.’ in Kouri, E.I. & Scott, T. (eds.) Politics and Society in Reformation Europe (1987) Deals with the sixteenth century, but a useful theoretical starting-point.

R.A. Bireley, ‘The Thirty Years War as Germany’s religious war’ in Repgen K. (ed) Krieg und Politik 1618-1648 (1988) ,  A very clear and helpful article. Xerox in QML.

R.A. Bireley, ‘Confessional Absolutism in the Habsburg Lands in the seventeenth century’ in Ingrao, C.W. (ed.) State and Society in early modern Austria (1994)

R.A: Bireley, The Jesuits and the Thirty Years War (2003)

 

 

Sources:

S.R. Gardiner, (ed.) Letters and other Documents illustrating the Relations between England and Germany at the Commencement of the Thirty Years War Camden Society, Second Series, (1865-8) I

J.J. Grimmelshausen,  Simplicissimus tr. Goodrich, S. (1989) (Dedalus European classics) The classic picaresque novel by a participant in the war.

J.M. Moscherosch, The wondrous and veritable adventures of Sittewald (1642-3)

G. Mortimer, (ed.) Eyewitness Accounts of the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) (2002)

 

 

 

Week 6

S -  Germany's European  War?

 

P. Wilson, German Armies. War and German Politics, 1648-1806 (1998)

Thomas Munck, Seventeenth-Century Europe (1993)

Tony Upton, Europe 1600-1789 (2001)

Geoffrey Parker, The Thirty Years War (Second Edition, 1997) Good on Europe and the war

Richard Bonney,  The Thirty Years War (2002)

C.V. Wedgwood, The Thirty Years War (1938) A classic, and a joy to read. Good portraits of many of the leading actors

S.H. Steinberg, The ‘Thirty Years War’ and the Conflict for European Hegemony 1600-1660 (1967) The most outspoken supporter of the idea that the war was essentially a European conflict.

Helmut G. Koenigsberger, ‘Europe’s Civil War’ in Trevor-Roper, H.R. (ed.) The Age of Expansion (1968) or Koenigsberger, H.G. The Habsburgs and Europe 1516-1660 (1971)

William P. Guthrie, The Later Thirty Years War: From the Battle of Wittstock to the Treaty of Westphalia (2003)

S.C. Ogilvie, 'Germany and the 17th Century Crisis', Historical Journal (1992)

M. Roberts, ‘The political objectives of Gustav Adolf in Germany’ in Roberts, Essays in Swedish History (1967)

P. Piirmäe, ‘Just war in theory and practice: the legitimation of Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years War’ Historical Journal 45 (2002)

H. Langer, ‘The royal Swedish war in Germany’ 1648 – War and Peace in Europe I (1998)

M. Roberts, ‘The political objectives of Gustavus Adolphus in Germany, 1630-1632’ in Roberts, Essays in Swedish History (1967)

J.V. Polišenský, ‘The Swedish-French period of the conflict, 1635-43’ in Polišenský, J.V. War and Society in Europe, 1618-1648 (1978)

S.C. Ogilvie, ‘Germany and the seventeenth-century crisis’ Historical Journal 35 (1992) useful review article

J.V. Polišenský, ‘The Thirty Years˛ War and the crises and revolutions of seventeenth century Europe’ Past and Present 39 (1968)

G. Benecke, ‘The Thirty Years War and its place in the General Crisis of the seventeenth century’ Journal of European Economic History 9 (1980)

H.G. Koenigsberger, ‘The crisis of the seventeenth century: a farewell’ in Koenigsberger, H.G. Politicians and virtuosi: essays in early modern history (1976)

 

Peace:

Claire Gantet: La paix de Westphalie (1648). Une histoire sociale, XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles, Paris: Éditions Belin 2001

K. Repgen, ‘Negotiating the Peace of Westphalia: a survey with an examination of the major problems’ Bussmann and Schilling,  1648 – War and Peace in Europe I (1998)

G. Schmidt, ‘The Peace of Westphalia as the Fundamental Law of the complementary Empire-state’ problems’ Bussmann and Schilling, 1648 – War and Peace in Europe I (1998)

V. Gerhardt, ‘On the historical significance of the Peace of Westphalia: twelve theses’ 1648 – War and Peace in Europe I (1998)

 

 

 

L -  Countryfolk and the Agrarian Economy

 

 

P. Blickle, 'From Subsistence to Property .. in early modern Bavaria', Central European History 25 (1992), 377-385.

Jan de Vries, The Economy of Europe in an Age of Crisis, 1600-1750 (1976)

Tom Scott, Society and Economy in Germany 1300-1600 (2001)

P. Kriedte, H. Medick and J. Schlumbohm, Industrialisation before Industrialisation (1981).

Keith Tribe, Governing Economy: the Reformation of German Economic Discourse 1750-1840 (1988)

Thomas Fuchs, Militär und ländliche Gesellschaft in der frühen Neuzeit, eds. Stefan Kroll und Kersten Krüger (2000)

P. Warde, 'Law, the “commune” and the distribution of resources in early modern German state formation', Continuity and Change 17:2 (2002), 183-211.

H. Medick, 'The Proto-Industrial Family Economy: The Structural Function of Household and Family during the Transition from Peasant Society to Industrial Capitalism', Social History 1 (176), 291-315.

P. Kriedte, Peasants, Landlords and Merchant Capitalists (1983)

B. Stier, W. von Hippel, ‘War, economy and society’ in S. Ogilvie (ed.) Germany. A new social and economic history II (1996)

H. Kellenbenz, ‘Germany’ in Parker, G. and Wilson, C. An Introduction to the Sources of European Economic History (1980) Statistics

T.K. Rabb, ‘The effects of the Thirty Years War on the German economy’ Journal of Modern History 34 (1962)

Henry Kamen 'The economic and social consequences of the Thirty Years War’ Past and Present 39 (1968)

F.L. Carsten, ‘Was there an economic decline in Germany before the Thirty Years War?’ English Historical Review 71 (1976) reprinted in Carsten, F.L. Essays in German History (1985)

G. Nichols, ‘The economic impact of the Thirty Years War in Habsburg Austria ‘ East European Quarterly 23 (1989)

W.A. Shaw, ‘The monetary movements of 1600-21 in Holland and Germany’ Transactions of the Royal Historical Society new series IX (1895)

Govind P. Sreenivasan, The Peasants of Ottobeuren 1487-1726. A Rural Society in Early Modern Europe (2004) excellent!

W.O. Henderson,  Studies in the economic policy of Frederick the Great (1963)

W.O. Henderson, The State and Industrial Revolution in Prussia, 1740-1870 (1958)

G.F. von Schmoller, The mercantile system and its historical significance (1884) (repr.1967)

H. Kisch,'The Textile Industries in Silesia and the Rhineland: a comparative study in industrialisation', in P. Kriedte, H. Medick and J. Schlumbohm, Industrialisation before Industrialisation (1981).

K. Tribe, Governing Economy: the Reformation of German Economic Discourse 1750-1840 (1988)

H.-J. Braun, 'Economic theory and policy in Germany 1750-1800', Journal of European Economic History 4 (1975)

Maria Bogucka, Baltic Commerce and Urban Society 1500-1700. Gdansk/Danzig and its Polish Context (2003), interesting on trade relations.

 

 

 

Week 7

S – Lord and Peasant in an Age of Unrest

 

Nobility:

Jerzy Lukowski, The European Nobility in the Eighteenth Century (2003)

H.M. Scott (ed.), The European Nobilities of the 17^th and 18^th centuries, 2 vols (see vol II) (1998);

Ronald Asch, Nobilities in Transition, 1550-1700 (2003), esp. 9-23, 30-48, 55-79, 95-100.

William Hagen,  Ordinary Prussians. Brandenburg Junkers and Villagers 1500-1840 (2002)

W. Hagen, 'How mighty the Junkers? Peasant Rents and Seigneurial Profits in 16th-century Brandenburg', Past and Present 108 (1985), 80-116.

E. Melton, 'Gutsherrschaft in East Elbian Germany and Livonia, 1500-1800: a critique of the model', Central European History 21/4 (1988). 315-349

F.L. Carsten, A History of the Prussian Junkers (1989)

E. Melton, 'The Decline of Prussian Gutsherrschaft and the Rise of the Junker as Rural Patron', 1750-1806', German History 12 (1994)

H. Rosenberg, Bureaucracy, Aristocracy and Autocracy (1966)

Joseph Canning, Hermann Wellenreuther (eds.), Britain and Germany Compared: Nationality, Society and Nobility in the Eighteenth Century (2001

A. Goodwin (ed.), The European Nobility in the 18th Century (1953)

F. Gilbert (ed.), The Historical Essays of  O. Hintze (1975)

R.M. Berdahl, The Politics of the Prussian Nobility: the development of a conservative ideology, 1770-1848 (1988)

G. Benecke, 'Ennoblement and privilege in early modern Germany', History 56 (1971)

 

 

Peasantry:

Govind P. Sreenivasan, The Peasants of Ottobeuren 1487-1726. A Rural Society in Early Modern Europe (2004)

E. Melton, 'Population Structure, Market Economy, and the Transformation of Gutsherrschaft in East Central Europe, 1650-1800: the cases of Brandenburg and Bohemia', German History 16/3 (1998), 297-327.

W.W. Hagen, 'The Seventeenth Century Crisis in Brandenburg', American Historical Review 94 (1989)

E. Melton, 'The transformation of the rural economy in East Elbian Prussia, 1750-1830', in Dwyer (ed.), The Rise of Prussia, pp. 111-128.

W. Hagen, 'Village Life in East-Elbian Germany and Poland, 1400-1800', in T. Scott (ed.), The Peasantries of Europe (1998), pp. 145-90.

W.W. Hagen, 'Seventeenth-century crisis in Brandenburg: the Thirty Years' War, the destabilization of serfdom and the rise of absolutism', American Historical Review 94, 1989 (pp. 302-35).

W.W. Hagen, 'Working for the Junker: the standard of living of manorial laborers in Brandenburg 1584-1810', Journal of Modern History 18 (1986), 143-58.

R.G. Moeller (ed.), Peasants and Lords in Modern Germany (1986)

T. Barnett-Robisheaux, 'Peasant revolts in Germany and Central Europe after the Peasants' Wars', Central European History 17 (1984), pp. 384-403.

R.A. Dickler, 'Organization and Change in the Productivity of East  Prussia', in W. Parker and E. Jones (eds), European Peasants and their Markets (1973), pp. 273-89.

T. Scott (ed.), The Peasantries of Europe (1998)

J. Topolski, The Manorial Economy in Early Modern Central Europe (1994)

J. Gagliardo, From Pariah to Pariot: The Changing Image of the German Peasant, 1770-1840 (1969)

Jenny Thauer, Gerichtspraxis in der ländlichen Gesellschaft. Eine mikrohistorische Untersuchung am Beispiel eines altmärkischen Patrimonialgerichts um 1700 (2001)

J.C. Theibault, ‘Community and Herrschaft in the seventeenth-century German village’ Journal of Modern History 64 (1992)

G. Benecke, ‘Labour relations and peasant society in north-west Germany c. 1600’ History 58 (1973)

T. Robisheaux, Rural Society and the Search for Order in Early Modern Germany (1989)  

H. Rebel,  Peasant Classes. The Bureaucratization of Property and Family Relations under early Habsburg Absolutism 1511-1636 (1983) Study of the peasant rising of 1626.

 

 

L –Poverty, Crime and Punishment

 

Timothy G. Fehler, Poor relief and Protestantism. The evolution of social welfare in sixteenth-century Emden. St Andrews Studies in Reformation History (1999)

Robert Jütte, Poverty and Deviance in Early Modern Europe (1994)

Robert Jütte, ‘Poor relief and social discipline in 16^th-c. Europe’, European Studies Review 11 (1981), 25-52.

Richard J. Evans, Rituals of Retribution:  Capital Punishment in Germany 1600-1980 (1996)

Alison Rowlands, ‘”In Great Secrecy”: the crime of infanticide in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, 1501-1618’, German History 15 (1997), no. 2, pp. 179-199.

Richard v. Dülmen, Theatre of Horror: Crime and Punishment in Early Modern Germany (1990)

Kathy Stuart, Defiled Trades and Social Outcasts: Honor and Ritual Pollution in Early Modern Germany (1999)

Ulinka Rublack, The Crimes of Women in Early Modern Germany (1999)

Cornelie Usborne, ed. Gender and Crime in Modern Europe (1998)

 

 

Week 8

 

S - Witches, Wisewomen and Prostitutes     

 

Witchcraft:

W. Behringer, The Shaman of Oberstorf.: Conrad Stoeckhlin and the Phantoms of the Night (1998)

W. Behringer, Witchcraft Persecution in Bavaria (1997)

Lyndal Roper, Witch Craze: Terror and Fantasy in Baroque Germany (Yale 2004)

L. Roper, Oedipus and the Devil. Witchcraft, sexuality and religion in early modern Europe (1994), mainly on Germany

E. Kern, 'Confessional identity and magic in the late sixteenth century: Jacob Bithaer and witchcraft in Styria', Sixteenth-Century Journal 25 (1994)

B. Ankarloo, Witchcraft and Magic in Europe. The Period of the Witchtrials (2003)

R. Scribner, 'The Witch of Biberach’, in his  Popular Religion and Popular Movements (1987)

Alison Rowlands, ‘Witchcraft and Popular Religion in Early Modern Rothenburg ob der Tauber’, in Scribner and Johnson, eds., Popular Religion in Germany and Central Europe, pp. 101-118.

 

 

Gender issues:

Lyndal Roper, ‘Discipline and Respectability: Prostitution in Reformation Augsburg’ History Workshop Journal (1985)

H. Wunder, ‘Gender Norms and their Enforcement in Early Modern Germany’, L. Abrams and E. Harvey, eds., Gender Relations in German History (1996), pp. 39-56.

U. Rublack, ‘The Public Body: Policing Abortion in Early Modern Germany’, in, Gender Relations in German History , pp. 57-80

Ulinka Rublack, The Crimes of Women in Early Modern Germany (1999)

Merry Wiesner, Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe(1993), section III

U. Zitzlsperger,  'Mother, Martyr and Mary Magdalene: German Female Pamphleteers and their Self-images, History 88, Number 3 (July 2003), pp. 379-392

L. Roper, ‘Going to Church and Street. Weddings in Reformation Augsburg’, Past and Present (185)

Joel Harrington, Reordering Marriage and Society in Reformation Germany (1995)

Merry Wiesner, Working Women in Renaissance Germany (1986)

Merry Wiesner, ‘Wandervogels and Women. Journeymen’s concepts of masculinity in early modern Germany’, Journal of Social History 24 (1991), 768-782.

 

Sources:

Friedrich Spee von Langenfeld. Cautio Criminalis, or a Book on WitchTrials. Trans. Marcus Hellyer. Studies in Early Modern German History Series (University of Virginia Press, 2003)  a Jesuit's argument against witch trials (18^th c.)

 

 

L – Territorialisation and the Ständestaat     

 

 

G. Oestreich, 'The estates of Germany and the formation of the state', in Oestreich, Neostoicism and the early modern state (1982),  187-198.

F.L. Carsten, 'The Weakness of the Territorial Princes', pp. 89-100 and 'The Rule of the Estates', pp. 165-178,  in his Origins of Prussia

F.L. Carsten, 'The German Estates and the Rise of the Princes', in his Princes and Parliaments in Germany (1959), pp. 423-444.

Paul Münch, 'The Growth of the Modern State', in Germany. A New Social and Economic History vol. 2, 1630-1800, ed. By S. Ogilvie, pp. 196-232.

F.L.Carsten, 'The Great Elector's victory over the estates of Brandenburg', in his Origins of Prussia, pp. 179-201, and ibid., 'The Defeat of the Estates of Prussia', pp.202-228, and ibid., 'The State of the Great Elector', pp. 253-277, in ibid.

F.L. Carsten, 'The resistance of Cleves and Mark to the despotic policy of the Great Elector', English Historical Review 66 (1951), pp. 219-41.

O. Hintze, 'Raison d'Etat', in his Historical Essays of Otto Hintze, ed. F. Gilbert (1975).

Ronald Asch, ‘Estates and Princes after 1648: the consequences of the Thirty Years War’ German History 6 (1988)

P. Schröder,     ‘The constitution of the Holy Roman Empire after 1648: Samuel Pufendorf’s assessment in his Monzambano.’ Historical Journal 42 (1999)

D. Wyduckel, ‘The Imperial constitution and the Imperial doctrine of public law: facing the institutional challenge of the Peace of Westphalia’ problems’ Bussmann and Schilling, 1648 – War and Peace in Europe I (1998)

A. Schindling, ‘Neighbours of a different faith: confessional coexistence and parity in the territorial states and towns of the Empire’ 1648 – War and Peace in Europe I (1998)

F.L. Carsten, ‘The Empire after the Thirty Years War’ in Carsten, F.L. Essays in German History (1985) See also the important points on individual states in his Princes and Parliaments, plus the summary in the conclusion, pp. 436-41.

A. Schindling, ‘The development of the Eternal Diet in Regensburg’ Journal of Modern History 58 (1986)

J.A. Vann, The Swabian Kreis. Institutional growth in the Holy Roman Empire, 1648-1715 (1975)

G. Oestreich, ‘The constitution of the Holy Roman Empire and the European state-system, 1648-1789’ in Oestreich, G. Neostoicism and the early modern state (1982) pp. 241-57.

 

         

 

Week 9

S – Princes and Parliaments: the debate about absolute government

 

R. Oresko, G. Gibbs (eds.), Royal and Republican Sovereignty in Early Modern Europe (1997)

M.A.R. Graves,            The Parliaments of Early Modern Europe 1400-1700 (2001)

M. Raeff, The Well-Ordered Police State: Social and Institutional Change through Law in the Germanies and Russia, 1600-1800 (1983)

G. Oestreich, Neostoicism and the early modern state (1982)

M. van Gelderen (ed.),   Republicanism. A Shared European Heritage (2002)

Q. Skinner (ed.), States and Citizens (2003), chapter by Martin van Gelderen: 'The state and its rivals in early modern Europe', and by Annabel Brett: 'The development of the idea of citizens' rights'.

Peter Wilson, Absolutism in Central Europe (Routledge, 2000)

Historical Essays of Otto Hintze, ed. F. Gilbert (1975).

H.M. Scott, Enlightened Absolutism: Reform and Reformers in late eighteenth-century Europe (1990)

Paul Kléber Monod, The power of kings. Monarchy and religion in Europe 1589–1715 (1999)

A. Birke (eds.), Princes, Patronage and the Nobility: The Court at the Beginning of the Modern Age (1991), selections

R. Asch, Nobilities in Transition, 1550-1700. Courtiers and Rebels in Britain and Europe (2003), chapters 5-6.

 

Theory and practice of Absolutism:

Peter Wilson, Absolutism in Central Europe (2000), chapter 2 on theory, chapter 3 on 'practice' and 4 on enlightened absolutism.

Rudolf Vierhaus, Germany in the Age of Absolutism (1988)

Historical Essays of Otto Hintze, ed. F. Gilbert (1975).

H.M. Scott, 'The problem of Enlightened Absolutism', in H.M. Scott (ed.), Enlightened Absolutism. Reform and Reformers in Later 18^th-century Europe (1990), 1-36.

E. Weis, 'Enlightenment and Absolutism in the Holy Roman Empire', J. of Modern History, suppl. 58 (1986)

C. Ingrao, 'The Problem of "enlightened absolutism" and the German states', J. of Modern History, suppl. 58 (1986), pp. S161-S180

H.M.Scott, 'Whatever happened to the Enlightened Despots?' History 68 (1983)

Tim Hochstrasser, Natural Law Theories in the Early Enlightenment (2000), chapter 1 and 2, on Pufendorf, pp. 1-71.

J.v.Horn Melton, Absolutism and the 18th-Century Origins of Compulsory Schooling in Prussia and Austria (1988)

J. Brewer and E. Hellmuth (eds), Rethinking Leviathan. The eighteenth-century state in Britain and Germany  (1999)

 

Princes and the Military Revolution:

P. Wilson,German Armies. War and German Politics, 1648-1806 (1998)

T.M. Barker, ‘Absolutism and military entrepreneurship: Habsburg models’ in Barker, T.M. Army, aristocracy, monarchy (1982) Rather general.

T.M. Barker, ‘Armed forces and nobility: Austrian particulars’ Army, aristocracy and monarchy

G. Oestreich, ‘Army organization in the German territories from 1500-1800’ in Oestreich, G. Neostoicism and the early modern state (1982) pp. 221-240.

Redlich, F.                             The German Military Enterpriser, 13th to 17th Centuries 2 vols.(1964-5). An important book

 

 

Sources:

S. Pufendorf, On the Duty of man and Citizen (1673) Engl. transl. (Cambridge 1991)

C.A. Macartney, The Habsburg and Hohenzollern Dynasties (1970)

 

 

L – The Case of Brandenburg-Prussia

 

H.M. Scott, The Emergence of the Eastern Powers, 1756-1775 (CUP 2001),

Philip Dwyer (ed.), The Rise of Prussia 1700-1830 (Longman, 2000) mixed quality.

F.L. Carsten, The Origins of Prussia (1954) for the period before 1700. Still excellent, but needs critical reading.

F.L. Carsten, 'The Great Elector and the foundation of Hohenzollern despotism', English Historical Review 65 (1950)

Derek McKay, The Great Elector. Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia (Longman, 2001)

H.W. Koch, 'Brandenburg-Prussia', in J. Miller (ed.), Absolutism in 17th Century Europe (1990)

F.L. Carsten, Essays in German History (1985,  chapter on Frederick William I)

K. Friedrich, 'The development of the Prussian town, 1720-1815', in P.Dwyer (ed.), The Rise of Prussia, pp. 129-150.

R.A. Dorwart, The Administrative Reforms of Frederick William I (1954)

H.C. Johnson, Frederick the Great and his Officials (1975)

C.B.Behrens, Society, Government and the Enlightenment: the experiences of eighteenth-century France and Prussia (1983)

D.E. Showalter, The wars of Frederick the Great (Longman, 1996)

S. Salmonowicz, 'The absolute and constitutional monarchy in Prussia, 1701-1871', Polish Western Affairs (1987)

O. Büsch, Military System and Social Life in Old Regime Prussia, 1713-1807 (1997) first part.

P. Wilson, 'Social Militarization in Eighteenth-Century German', German History 18:1 (2000), 1-39.

Hagen Schulze, 'The Prussian military state 1763-1806', in Dwyer (ed.), The Rise of Prussia, pp. 201-219

D. Showalter, 'Prussia's army: continuity and change, 1713-1830', in Dwyer (ed.), The Rise of Prussia, pp. 220-236.

P. Wilson, German Armies, 1648-1806 (1998)

Jonathan W. White,  The Prussian Army, 1640-1871 (1996) more up-to-date than Craig (below)

W.O. Shanahan, 'Enlightenment and War: Austro-Prussian military practice, 1760-90', in Rothenburg, Kiraly, Sugar (eds.), East European Society and War in the pre-revolutionary 18th century (1982)H.M. Scott, 'Prussia's emergence as a European great power, 1740-1763', in The Rise of Prussia (ed. Dwyer) (2000), pp. 153-176.

H. Scott, The Emergence of the Eastern Powers (2001)

P. Baumgart, 'The annexation and integration of Silesia to the Prussian State of Frederick the Great', in M. Greengrass (ed.), Conquest and Coalescence: the shaping of the state in early modern Europe  (1991)

W. Hagen, 'The partitions of Poland and the crisis of the old regime in Prussia, 1772-1806', Central European History 9 (1976), 115-128.

A. Upton, 'Frederick the Great and Prussia', in his Europe 1600-1789 (2001), pp. 307-12.

S. Salmonowicz, 'Was Frederick II an enlightened ruler?', Polish Western Affairs 22/1-2 (1981), 56-69.

T.C.W. Blanning, 'Frederick the Great and Enlightened Absolutism' in Scott, H.M. (ed.) Enlightened Absolutism (1990)

 

 

 

Week 10

S – Case Studies

 

Austria/Habsburg:

Karin J. MacHardy, War, Religion and Court Patronage in Habsburg Austria. The Social and Cultural Dimensions of Political Interaction, 1521-1622 (2002)

MacHardy, K.‘The rise of Absolutism and noble rebellion in early modern Habsburg Austria, 1570-1620’ Journal of Comparative History 34 (1992)

V. Press, ‘The Habsburg Court as center of the Imperial government’ Journal of Modern History 58 (1986)

V. Press, ‘The imperial court of the Habsburgs from Maximilian I to Ferdinand III, 1493-1657’ in Asch, R. & Birke, A. Princes, patronage and the nobility. The Court at the beginning of the modern age (1991)

R.J.W. Evans, ‘The Austrian Habsburgs. The dynasty as a political institution’ in Dickens, A.G. (ed.) The Courts of Europe. Politics, Patronage and Royalty, 1400-1800 (1977)

Volker Press, 'Austria and the Rise of Brandenburg-Prussia', in Charles Ingrao (ed.), State and Society in Early Modern Austria (1994), pp. 298-311.

Charles Ingrao (ed.), State and Society in Early Modern Austria (1994)

John P. Spielman, The City and the Crown. Vienna and the Imperial Court 1699-1740 (1993)

Volker Press, 'The Habsburg Court as Center of Imperial Government', Journal of Modern History 58, supplement (December 1986), S23-S45.

Michael Hochedlinger, Austria's Wars of Emergence. War, State and Society in the Habsburg Monarchy 1683-1797 (2003)

Paula Sutter Fichtner, The Habsburg Monarchy, 1490-1848 (2003)

R.J.W. Evans, Rudolf II and his World. A Study in Intellectual History (1973)

R.A. Bireley, ‘Ferdinand II: founder of the Habsburg Monarchy’ in Evans, R.J. and Thomas, T.V. (eds.) Crown, Church and Estates (1991) ,

Hugh Trevor-Roper, Princes and Artists: Patronage and Ideology at four Habsburg Courts, 1517-1633 (1976) chapters 3 & 4.

Mack Walker, The Salzburg Transaction: expulsion and redemption in eighteenth-century Germany  (1992)

Jeroen Duindam, Vienna and Versailles. The Courts of Europe's Dynastic Rivals, 1550-1780 (2003)

 

Saxony:

H. Watanabe-O'Kelly, Court Culture in Early Modern Dresden (2002)

F.L. Carsten, Princes and Parliaments in Germany (1959) pp.191-6 and 228-33.

Katrin Keller, Landesgeschichte Sachsen (2002)

 

Württemberg:

Ludolf Pelizaeus, Der Aufstieg Württembergs und Hessens zur Kurwürde 1692-1803 (2000)

J.A. Vann, The Making of a State: Württemberg, 1593-1793 (1984)

P. Wilson, War, State and Society in Württemberg, 1677-1793 (1995)

F.L. Carsten, Princes and Parliaments in Germany (1959) pp. 1-148

 

Palatinate:

C.P. Clasen, The Palatinate in European History (revised edition, 1966) ,  (1963 edition) Brief, but mostly on the war.

Thompson, B. ‘The Palatinate Church Order of 1563’ Church History 23 (1954)

B.C. Pursell, ‘Elector Palatine Friedrich V and the question of influence revisited’ The Court Historian 6 (2002)

 

Bavaria:

S.J. Klingensmith, S. J., The Utility of Splendour. Ceremony, Social Life and Tradition at the Court of Bavaria 1600-1800 (1994)

F.L. Carsten, Princes and Parliaments in Germany (1959) pp. 348-422.

 

Hesse-Kassel:

F.L. Carsten, Princes and Parliaments in Germany (1959) pp. 172-90.

 

 

L – The German Enlightenment

 

Enlightenment as Idea:

R. Porter,  M. Teich, eds., The Enlightenment in National Context (1981)

F.C. Beiser, Enlightenment, revolution and romanticism: the genesis of modern German political thought 1790-1800 (1992)

T. C. W. Blanning, The Culture of Power and the Power of Culture - Old Regime Europe 1660-1789  (2003)

D. Sorkin, Moses Mendelssohn and the Religious Enlightenment (1996)

Tim Hochstrasser, Natural Law Theories in the Early Enlightenment (2000), chapters 3,4,5.

Ian Hunter, Rival Enlightenments. Civil and metaphysical philosophy in early modern Germany (2000)

 

Enlightenment and Society:

Thomas Munck, The Enlightenment: A Comparative Social History, 17211794

James Van Horn Melton, The Rise of the Public in Enlightenment Europe (Cambridge, 2001)

R. van Dülmen, The Society of the Enlightenment: the rise of the middle class and Enlightenment culture in Germany (1992)

D.M. Luebke, ‘Signatures and Political Culture in Eighteenth-Century Germany’, Journal  of Modern History 76:3 (2004), pp. 497-530

A. LaVopa, 'The Politics of Enlightenment. Frederick Gedike and German Professional Ideology', Journal of Modern History 62 (1990), 34-56.

Horst Möller, 'Enlightened Societies in the Metropolis. The Case of Berlin', in E. Hellmuth (ed.), The Transformation of Political Culture.., pp. 219-233.

 

Pietism:

R. Gawthrop, Pietism and the making of eighteenth-centuryPrussia (1993)

Chris Clark, 'Piety, politics and society: Pietism in eighteenth-century Prussia', in Dwyer (ed.), The Rise of Prussia, pp. 68-88.

M. Fulbrook, Piety and Politics: religion and the rise of absolutism in England, Württemberg and Prussia (1983)

F.E. Stoeffler, German Pietism during the 18th Century (1973)

Günter Birtsch,  'The Christian as Subject: The Worldly Mind of Prussian Protestant Theologians in the Late Enlightenment Period', in E. Hellmuth (ed.), The Transformation of Political Culture. England and Germany in the  late Eighteenth Century (1990), pp. 309-26.

 

Education:

James van Horn Melton, Absolutism and the Eighteenth-Century Origins of Compulsory Schooling in Prussia and Austria (1988)

A. LaVopa, Grace, Talent and Merit: Poor Students, Clerical Careers, Professional Identity in 18th Century Germany (1988)

K.A.Schleunes,             Schooling and Society in the Politics of Education in Prussia and Bavaria 1750-1900 (1989)

A. LaVopa, Prussian Schoolteachers, 1763-1848 (1980)

C.E. McClelland, State, Society and University in Germany, 1700-1914 (1980)

Mary Jo Maynes, Schooling for the People. Comparative Local Studies of Schooling History in France and Germany, 1750-1850 (1985)

J.C. Doney, 'The Catholic Enlightenment and Popular Education in the Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg 1765-1795', Central European History 1988

M. Fulbrook, 'Education and Absolutism in 18th-century Germany', Historical Journal 34/3 (1991), 759-61.

M. Heafford, 'The early history of the Abitur as an administrative device', German History 13/3 (1995)

P. Petschauer, 'Improving educational opportunities for girls in eighteenth-century Germany', Eighteenth Century Life 3 (1976)

R.S. Turner, 'The Bildungsbürgertum and the Learned Professions in Prussia, 1770-1830: the origins of a class', Social History 13/ 25 (1980), pp. 105-35.

 

 

Philosophers and Courts:

T.C.W. Blanning,'Frederick the Great and German Culture', in R. Oresko (ed.), Royal and Republican Sovereignty (see above), pp. 527-550.

A. J. LaVopa,   Fichte: The Self and the Calling of Philosophy 1762-1799 (Cambridge, 2001)

H. Aarsleff, 'The Berlin Academy under Frederick the Great', History of the Human Sciences 2/2 (1989), 193-206.

S. Lestition, 'Kant and the end of the Enlightenment in Prussia', Journal of Modern History 65 (1993)

G. Cavaller, 'Kant's judgement on Frederick's Enlightened Absolutism', History of Political Thought 14/1 (1993), 103-132. H. Brunschwig, Enlightenment and Romanticism in eighteenth-century Prussia (1974)

H. Weill, Frederick the Great and Samuel Cocceji: a study in the reform of the Prussian judicial administration 1745-1755 (1961)

J. van der Zande,'In the Image of Cicero: German Philosophy between Wolff and Kant', Journal of the History of  Ideas 56 (1995), pp. 419-42.

B.W. Redekop, 'Thomas Abbt and the Formation of an Enlightened German "Public"', Journal of the History of Ideas 58 (1997), pp. 81-104.

F.C. Beiser, Enlightenment, revolution and romanticism: the genesis of modern German political thought 1790-1800 (1992)

F.C. Beiser, The fate of reason: German philosophy from Kant to Fichte (1987)

P.H. Reill, The German Enlightenment and the rise of historicism (1975)

 

 

Week 11

Reading Week

 

Week 12

S –  Beyond Empire: The Impact of the French Revolution

 

J. Gagliardo, Reich and Nation: the Holy Roman Empire as Idea and Reality 1763-1806 (1980)

T.W. Blanning,  The French Revolution in Germany: Occupation and Resistance in the Rhineland,1792-1802 (1983)

B. Simms, The Struggle for Mastery in Germany 1779-1850 (1998) early chapters.

G. Best, War and Society in Revolutionary Europe 1770-1870 (1982)

T.C.W. Blanning, Reform and Revolution in Mainz, 1743-1802 (1974)

Marion W. Gray, 'Schrötter, Schön and Society: Aristocratic Liberalism versus Middle-Class Liberalism in Prussia, 1808', Central European History 6 (1973), 60-82.

Dann, Dinwiddy, eds., Nationalism in the Age of the French Revolution (1988)

M. Walker, Johann Jakob Moser and the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (1980)

H. Dippel, Germany and the American Revolution 1770-1800 (1977) SH

L. Krieger, The German Idea of Freedom (1957)

 

 

L – An Empire falls apart

 

B. Simms, The Impact of Napoleon. Prussian High Politics, Foreign Policy and the Crisis of the Executive, 1797-1806 (CUP 1997)

J. Whaley, chapter in M. Fulbrook (ed.), German History Since 1800 (1997)

T.C.W. Blanning, The French Revolutionary Wars, 1787-1802 (1996)

Ph. Dwyer, 'The Politics of Prussian Neutrality, 1795-1805', German History 12/3 (1994)

D.F. Schowalter, 'Hubertusburg to Auerstädt: the Prussian army in decline?', German History 12/3 (1994)

Ph. Dwyer, 'Prussia during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1786-1815', in Dwyer (ed.), The Rise of Prussia, pp. 239-258.

Ph. Dwyer, 'Prussia and armed neutrality in 1801', International History Review 15 (1993)

Charles E. White, The Enlightened Soldier: Scharnhorst and the Militärische Gesellschaft in Berlin, 1801-1805 (1989) on military reforms

O. Connelly, Napoleon and Frederick the Great, Consortium on Revolutionary Europe, 1750-1850. Selected Papers (1995)

F. Meinecke, The Age of German Liberation, 1795-1815 , ed. P. Paret (1977) written in the Weimar Republic

 

 

Sources:

 

The Memoirs of Baron von Müffling: A Prussian Offer in the Napoleonic Wars (1997)

 

 

 

The assessed essay is due on …. Essay questions must be agreed with the course co-ordinator before the end of week 9 (by Friday 26 November). Before starting, consult the section on essay writing in the Department’s Student Guidelines. A good essay must include a substantial bibliography and the text should indicate that you have read what you cite (see guidelines on how to present your essay below). If you have difficulty obtaining reading materials, consult the course co-ordinator.

 

Please note: It will be assumed that your bibliography (i.e., the list of only those works actually cited in the footnotes) will include at least:

·         a scholarly monograph (i.e. a book)

·         an article from a journal (i.e. a periodical)

·         an essay from a book of collected essays

·         a primary source (i.e. something written at the time of the historic events)

 

In addition to these four requirements you may include as many further works as you wish.

 

·         All pieces of work must be submitted to the departmental office (Crombie Annexe, ground floor) where the time and date will be noted on the title page. 

·         All work must come with a covering (title) page including the following information:

·         Name of student,

·         Student ID number,

·         name of tutor,

·         course code,

·         title of work/essay question

·         this phrase with the student’s signature: “I understand that plagiarism is the use, without adequate acknowledgment, of the intellectual work of another person in work submitted for assessment. A student cannot be found to have committed plagiarism where it can be shown that the student has taken all reasonable care to avoid representing the work of others as his or her own. I have abided by these guidelines in the preparation of this essay.”

 

The School aims to ensure fair and equal treatment in the assessment of all students and that no student is unjustly denied or unfairly granted the benefits of continuous assessment. Accordingly essay extensions will be granted in accordance with the following rules:

·         Extensions of up to one week may be granted by the course co-ordinator (tutors cannot grant extensions). 

·         Extensions exceeding one week may be granted by the Undergraduate Programme Co-ordinator.

·         Extensions must be sought before the essay deadline. While an extension cannot be granted after an essay deadline is past, the relevant Undergraduate Programme Co-ordinator may recommend the reduction or elimination of any penalty when made aware of appropriate extenuating circumstances. Students who find themselves in such a circumstance, are therefore strongly encouraged to contact the relevant Undergraduate Programme Co-ordinator as soon as they are able to.

·         Extensions are granted only where students have encountered exceptional or unforeseen difficulties, or are subject to long-term episodic illnesses, or are affected by any relevant impairment, in the period during which they are expected to prepare the essay.

·         Many Departments set essay deadlines at similar points during term and, therefore, students should both begin essay preparation in good time and budget their preparation time for essay writing appropriately. Please also note that this may affect availability of set and recommended texts from QML detrimentally. Hence, just in themselves, mere lack of availability of texts and pressure of other essay deadlines alone are not normally grounds for extension. Again, however, if there are any circumstances which mean that these issues might constitute a real barrier to you then, again, best advice is to contact the relevant Undergraduate Programme Co-ordinator as soon as you are able to.

·         When an extension is granted, the student will be given written confirmation of the extension and a copy of this confirmation and any additional information you might wish to provide will be retained.

The School is aware that its aim of securing fair and equal treatment in the assessment of all students is ultimately inextricable from disability–related issues and is, therefore, anxious to ensure that proper provision/reasonable adjustment is always made. You can help the School to achieve this aim by communicating any relevant information to the University Disabilities Officer.

 

The School considers the timely submission of work essential. Therefore, any work submitted beyond the due date (without an approved extension) will be penalised according to the following schedule: 1 CAS point deducted per two days or part thereof (Saturday and Sunday are counted together as a single day). Thus, a piece of work due on a Friday no later than noon if submitted before noon on the following Monday will incur a penalty of 1 CAS mark; a further CAS mark would be deducted between then and noon on the following Wednesday, etc.

 

The return of copies of submitted work with marks and any relevant feedback to students is the responsibility of the appropriate member of academic staff (course co-ordinator and/or tutor). This must be done confidentially.  Any possibility of other students accessing the mark/feedback must be avoided.

 

Every essay should have end/footnotes and a full bibliography, comprising only works cited.  Any material consulted but not cited may be noted under an additional heading: ‘works consulted’.  Please observe the following guidelines.

 

END/FOOTNOTES

You must give credit where credit is due. Quotations, paraphrases, statistics, interpretations, and significant phraseology taken from books and articles must be carefully and correctly cited in footnotes or endnotes. On the other hand obvious facts on which all authors would agree need not be footnoted. For further information and guidance consult the Departmental Guidelines. Footnotes may be placed either at the bottom of the page or at the end of the paper. One acceptable form for footnotes is indicated by the following examples:

Standard entry:

W. H. McNeill, Venice: The Hinge of Europe, 1081-1797 (Chicago, 1974), 27.

Multi-volume work:

M. Roberts, Gustavus Adolphus: A History of Sweden, 1611-32 (2 vols., London, 1958), ii, 2-39.

Article within a book:

L. Stone, ‘The English Revolution’, in R. Forster & J. P. Greene, eds., Preconditions of Revolution in Early Modern Europe (Baltimore, 1970), 57.

Article in a journal:

E. W. Monter, ‘Witchcraft in Geneva, 1537-1662’, Journal of Modern History, 43 (1971), 195-7.

 

In citing a work for which the publication data has been given in an earlier footnote, it is not necessary to repeat the same data in full.  Simply write the author’s surname, an abbreviated title and the page number. If the work was cited in the immediately preceding footnote, you do not even have to write the surname; simply write ibid. and the page number. The following sequence should make these practices clear:

⁶J. P. Kenyon, ed., The Stuart Constitution 1603-1688. Documents and Commentary (Cambridge, 1966), 203.

⁷Ibid., p.2.

⁸J. Stoye, Europe Unfolding, 1648-1688 (London, 1968), 85.

⁹Kenyon, Stuart Constitution, 207.

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Your paper should also include a bibliography. Bibliographies should be arranged in alphabetical order by author’s surname and should distinguish between primary and secondary sources. If citing a whole book do not include page numbers.  If citing an article in a book or journal, give the page numbers of the whole article, as follows:

Primary Sources

Kenyon, J. P, ed., The Stuart Constitution 1603-1688. Documents and Commentary (Cambridge, 1966)

Secondary Sources

McNeill, W. H., Venice: The Hinge of Europe, 1081-1797 (Chicago, 1974)

Monter, E. W., ‘Witchcraft in Geneva, 1537-1662’, Journal of Modern History, 43 (1971), 180-204

Stone, L., ‘The English Revolution’, in R. Forster & J. P. Greene, eds., Preconditions of Revolution in Early Modern Europe (Baltimore, 1970), 55-108

 

 

The Department places great importance on interaction with and feedback from its students.  To facilitate this, each course has a meeting of all students registered for a course (the Class Meeting).  At Levels 1 and 2, each tutorial group elects a tutorial representative and these meet with all teaching staff for that level at the Level Meeting which takes place each half session. At Levels 3 and 4, the Class Meeting elects two representatives and these attend the Level Meeting for their respective levels. A minute is kept of the Level Meetings and these are posted on Level notice boards in the Department.  Each Level Meeting elects two representatives to serve on the Staff-Student Liaison Committee (SSLC) which also comprises members of staff with responsibility for teaching.  The SSLC meets at least once each half session and its minutes are also posted in the Department.  In addition, each course participates in the Student Course Evaluation Form (SCEF) exercise.  These forms are distributed to students and returned by students to the Departmental office and then sent to the central administration for tabulation.  As part of the SCEF exercise, course co-ordinators provide a report of the tabulated results for the Head of Department and then an overall report is prepared for the Academic Standards Committee (Undergraduate).

 

The University aims to provide a welcoming and supportive environment for its undergraduate students. However, occasionally students will encounter problems and difficulties. Complaints should be addressed in the first instance to the person who is in charge of the University activity concerned, e.g. the Head of the relevant School about academic matters; the Head of the relevant administrative section about the service that you receive; a Warden about residential matters. Your Adviser of Studies or the Students’ Association will assist you if you are unsure how to pursue a complaint.

 

The University’s Policy on Student Complaints is available at:

 

www.abdn.ac.uk/registry/appeals

 

The Vice-President (Advice & Support) in the Students’ Association is available to help students wishing to make a complaint (tel: +44(0)1224 272965).