Much has been written on the efforts of the medieval Church to bring Europe's religious minorities-- Muslims and Jews-- into the fold by means of polemical arguments, active proselytizing and forcible missionizing campaigns. However it is becoming increasingly clear that conversionary activities directed at non-Christians often had to confront deeply entrenched social, economic and institutional structures, some of which the Church had a direct interest in preserving. The proposed session should draw attention to the substrata of ordinary, day-to-day interactions between the clergy and the members of religious minorities. We are especially interested in contacts that took place at the local level, where the clergy engaged their non-Christian neighbors in property transactions, sought credit from Jewish moneylenders, employed Muslim and Jewish servants and laborers, exercised jurisdiction over non-Christian communities, etc. The session is intended to bring together scholars who are interested in investigating this important but understudied aspect of interfaith relations in medieval and early modern Europe. Studies examining similar interactions in non-European and/or early modern contexts are also very welcome.